Wednesday, September 2, 2020
Free Hamlet Essays: Little Control in Hamlet :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays
Little Control in Hamlet Despite the fact that Hamlet is a ruler, he has little power through an incredible span. In that time numerous things were chosen for the sovereigns and princesses, for example, their instruction and even who they wedded. This was pretty much the ordinary lifestyle for an offspring of the ruler. Be that as it may, on account of Hamlet, any of the control he thought he had, fell away with the homicide of his dad. Having his dad, the ruler, be slaughtered by his own sibling, sent Hamlet into a condition of feeling defenseless and crazy. Cooped up in a royal residence with no genuine outlet, he attempts to control at any rate one part of his life. Hamlet purposely plays with Ophelia's feelings so as to feel in charge of something since he can't control the circumstance with Claudius. So much is going on in Hamlet's life, his dad's demise, his uncle's ascent to control, Fortinbras good to go to strike and attack Denmark, and his relationship with Ophelia, that he is feels vulnerable and not even in charge of his own life. He feels caught and restricted by his circumstance and therefor not in charge of it. Hamlet feels as though the circumstances that he is in are controlling him as opposed to he having the option to control them and he feels caught by them, especially the circumstance with Claudius. Hamlet: â⬠¦What have you, my old buddies, merited because of Fortune that she sends you to jail here? Guildenstern: Prison my master? Hamlet: Denmark's a jail (Act 2, Scene 2, sections 242-247) Hamlet even ventures to such an extreme as to consider Denmark a jail since he feels so caught in his life there and feels so defenseless to change his circumstance, as though he were secured in it like a jail cell. Another understanding could be that Hamlet is despairing and uncertain, and isn't attempting to control anybody. He is giving just to deliver retribution a shot Claudius, at which he falls flat for absence of a perfect time. Hamlet: Now may I do it pat, now'a is an asking, And now I do it. What's more, so'a goes to paradise. Thus I am revengedâ⬠¦But in our condition and course of thought, 'Tis substantial with him; and afterward I am vindicated, To take him in the cleansing of his of his soulâ⬠¦No.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Caribbean Essay -- essays research papers
Numerous individuals will consider Caribbean Islands as a decent spot for an escape get-away. In any case, recorded foundation of Caribbean is to some degree extraordinary. Caribbean has a long history of colonization and subjection for some ages. As new colonization was built up, new societies and dialects were presented. à à à à à People keeps an eye on just spotlight on the splendid side of the Columbus⠡â ¯s incredible find of the new land and colonization of the European nations and can without much of a stretch disregard the annihilation and the harms of the lives of local nations. who were the principal Caribbean some time before the Columbus⠡â ¯s revelation, were nearly cleared out by the merciless intrusion of the European nations alongside their societies and their dialects. The Europeans held onto Caribbean yet when they need the slaves for the sugar businesses, they were brought from every single diverse piece of Africa as a human freight. Among the slaves, they had numerous social contrasts just as dialects themselves since they were brought from various areas of Africa. à â â â â When subjugation was deserted all through the Caribbean in mid-nineteenth century, the monetary and political structure that controlled the island remained. The exslaves had to work underneath the base wages. Enormous number of Caribbean emigrated wanting to discover better affordable chances. So as to supplant the missing number of laborers, numerous Asian workers were brought to Caribbean. This came about I...
Friday, August 21, 2020
Politics And Society Essays - Campaign Finance In The United States
Legislative issues and Society Media, cash, and the First Amendment are three key impacts in a fruitful political run. Media inclusion is imperative to acquaint general society with the up-and-comer and to show where he remains on specific issues. Cash is expected to purchase TV and radio time. The First Amendment ensures everybody the right to speak freely, yet in what capacity would this be able to be sensibly characterized. One potential arrangement would be limitations on the measure of cash that people can give to help their up-and-comers. Current media has affected and perhaps modified the historical backdrop of legislative issues. As expressed by Washington Post journalist Dan Morgan, The most significant ware in American governmental issues today is publicizing time on TV. The issue with this announcement is that lone the individuals with cash approach this choice. Republican battle administrator, Mark Hanna, was cited saying, There are two things that are significant in legislative issues. The first is cash and I can't recollect what the second is. on the side of this statement, a great many dollars are spent on political crusades in a single week. One case of this issue is shown by Ralph Nader, the contender for the Green Party, who isn't also known as George W. Bramble or Al Gore. His fame has slacked in light of the fact that he doesn't have the assets to purchase as much TV time as the other, increasingly subsidized, applicants. When Nader, ran for Presidency in 1996, he just went through $5,000 of his own cash and got just a single percent of the votes. Likewise, on October 3, 2000, he was denied access into the third and last discussion at Washington University, and thus, he recorded a claim against the Commission of Presidential Debates. Despite the fact that all the essential passes were introduced, the CPD security despite everything would not let him enter onto the Washington University grounds, where he had a formerly planned meeting with the grounds TV channel. Conversely, when multimillionaire Ross Perot ran for administration as an outsider in 1992, he got right around a fifth of the votes since he could speak wit h people in general through paid media and discussions. Dissimilar to Ralph Nader in any case, Ross Perot was driving the race up until July, when he dropped out of the race in view of negative media that his family was accepting. At the point when he reemerged in October he spent over $37 million of his own cash for battle promotions and infomercials in the last month of crusade. Perot was permitted to take part in the presidential discussions, a benefit that Nader was denied. The presence of an applicant on open TV is significant. In the event that an individual can recognize the essence of a government official and what he has said in battles, at that point that applicant has a superior possibility of winning. The physical appearance of an up-and-comer can be an unequivocal subject in a political race. During the appointment of 1960, Richard M. Nixon and John F. Kennedy were differentiated as two totally various individuals. Nixon was portrayed as Nixon-of-the-five-o'clock-shadow and Kennedy was depicted as attractive and young. The outcome: another energetic president. Likewise, in 1984, Ronald Reagan had all the earmarks of being in a befuddled perspective during a discussion and the musings of mature age influencing the applicant's capacity to completely work as President saturated the brains of numerous individuals. During the subsequent discussion, inquired as to whether he would have the option to completely work in an international strategy emerge ncy, he reacted by saying, I won't make age an issue in this battle. I won't abuse, for political purposes, my rival's childhood and naiveté. This one proclamation permitted the contender to endure the discussion of the media about his age. Media is the main path the greater part of the number of inhabitants in the United States discovers what occurs in legislative issues. TV is exceptional as in it is free media in light of the Communications Act of 1934, which was made to serve the open intrigue, accommodation and need. The media focuses on making the most fascinating stories, yet rather, they should focus on illuminating people in general about issues that are being examined in discussions and shows on the grounds that most of the overall population doesn't think enough about governmental issues to comprehend what is being
Thursday, June 4, 2020
On Popcorn, Pudewa and Video Writing Instruction
Oct 31 2019 à You may have already heard some of the buzz from IEWà ® about an upcoming important announcement. Itââ¬â¢s exciting news that we are looking forward to sharing with you all. While the clock has been steadily counting down the hours and minutes until the big reveal, Iââ¬â¢ve been looking back and reflecting on some of my familyââ¬â¢s earliest experiences with IEW. For our first taste of Structure and Styleà ®, I selected a video-based course, and Iââ¬â¢m so thankful. It was the catalyst that paved the way for our successââ¬âfor my children in their writing and for me in my teaching. I distinctly remember the day I began teaching my little boys how to write with Structure and Style. It was midafternoon on a sunny and warm Monday. After I had prepared their writing notebooks, I brewed a fresh pot of iced tea and popped some popcorn. The mouth-watering aroma and cheerful sound of the popping kernels served as an extremely effective clarion call. My boys came running. ââ¬Å"Why are you popping popcorn, mom?â⬠my oldest asked. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s time to start our writing lesson,â⬠I explained. ââ¬Å"Head over to the couch. Donââ¬â¢t forget to get a napkin for yourself and your brother!â⬠The boys scrambled over the back of the couch, plopped on a cushion, and began munching the salty, buttery corn. I took out the first disc, inserted it into the DVD player, and sat back in the recliner with my own notebook and pen and a tall glass of iced tea. Soothing music started. Over the next hour, give or take, the boys and I watched the ââ¬Å"funny guy,â⬠Andrew Pudewa, introduce Structure and Style and chart a course for writing for our year. My boys were engaged, and I felt, perhaps for the first time that day, rested and peaceful. The three of us came out of that, our very first video-based lesson, excited about the year and encouraged to begin writing right away. Video-based instruction is an educational approach that is growing in popularity and for good reason. For starters, incorporating video lightens the load of the instructor. Writing lesson plans requires a significant amount of a teacherââ¬â¢s time. Teachers gain back valuable hours when they are able to incorporate video for at least a portion of their instructional time. For the teacher it can mean the difference between feeling stressed and overworked to feeling empowered and relaxed. Another benefit teachers receive when they include video instruction in their classes and homeschools is expert modeling from master teachers. As I watched Andrew Pudewa teach my boys how to write all those many years ago, I was also learning; I was learning how to teach written expression to students. I had originally purchased IEW video curriculum because I felt ill-equipped to teach composition. My earlier attempts at it confirmed to me that I needed expert help. Sitting down with my boys that first day to watch Mr. Pudewa, I felt encouraged that I had finally found the support I needed to be able to learn how to teach what to me had previously been a nearly unteachable, nebulous subject: written expression. The benefits of video-based instruction extend to students as well. Todayââ¬â¢s learners are familiar with video and connect well with it. Itââ¬â¢s another way to introduce multisensory learning. Watching a video lesson, students are transported out of their physical classroom to another setting. This novelty helps retain studentsââ¬â¢ attention and engagement. Additionally, just as video instruction provides valuable modeling for the classroom or homeschool teacher, it also brings the ââ¬Å"best and the brightestâ⬠instructors directly to the students. The students have the benefit of learning from the master teacher himself. This high-quality instruction translates into students who are better able to learn from and apply their lessons to their assignments. They feel equipped and able to tackle their assignments because they have learned from the best. Flexibility is another key feature for video-based instruction. Because videos are stored, either on a disc or in the cloud, they are always available. Thereââ¬â¢s no concern about missing a live-taught class. Knowing this, teachers are able to bring in video instruction when it works for them and are able to adjust the pacing and class session times to work best for their students. No longer is there any worry over missing instruction because it is always there and accessible. I am so glad we chose to use a video format for our familyââ¬â¢s first taste of Structure and Style. We all learned so much. The boys learned how to write, and I learned how to teach writing. We all laughed too. Mr. Pudewa is funny! That inaugural IEW year led to many, many more successful writing experiences. Frankly, I donââ¬â¢t think we could have been as successful without experiencing that first video course. In hindsight it turned out to perhaps be the single most important key to creating the competent and confident communicators I have today. One final thought for you. While I canââ¬â¢t tell you whatââ¬â¢s coming down the pike, I can help you be one of the first in the know. IEW has an online sign-up link that will allow you to be notified bright and early Wednesday, November 20, when all will be revealed. I encourage you to fill it out. Itââ¬â¢s worth waiting for. In the words of Andrew Pudewa, ââ¬Å"This is the best thing we have ever done. It is the most comprehensive. It is the most certain.â⬠We canââ¬â¢t wait to share it with you. à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à IEWà ® and Structure and Styleà ® are registered trademarks of the Institute for Excellence in Writing, L.L.C. à Jennifer Mauserà has always loved reading and writing and received a B.A. in English from the University of Kansas in 1991. Once she and her husband had children, they decided to homeschool, and she put all her training to use in the home. In addition to homeschooling her children, Jennifer teaches IEW classes out of her home, coaches budding writers viaà email,à and tutors students who struggle with dyslexia. Log in or register to post commentsJennifer Mausers blog Log in or register to post comments What could it be? Permalink By kpuddleglumNov10 Short of having a hologram of Andrew teaching in every IEW home I don't know what he could do to top what he has done already in changing the world! The wait is driving me nuts- Are they opening a school? Do we get points for guessing? I hate riddles! Is He doing a corny joke DVD?à Kathleen Van Every in DE Log in or register to post comments You wont have to wait much Permalink By Jennifer MauserNov11 You won't have to wait much longer! I promise! Log in or register to post comments
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Soren Kierkegaard Essay - 1309 Words
Project: Soren Kierkegaard: Mega Mind of the 19th Century Soren Kierkegaard: Mega Mind of the 19th Century As a man whose work spans across areas such as philosophy, theology, devotional literature, and more, Soren Kierkegaard is considered one of the mega-minds of philosophy and the 19th century. He was influenced by many people throughout his life, as well as influencing many people himself. With works that ranged from religious views all the way to developing a ââ¬Å"newâ⬠way to view our surroundings, Kierkegaard was a very well-rounded and mentally profound man. There were few people that could influence such a profound mind at the time, but Kierkegaard found them both in church as well as in the realm of philosophy. As a wholeâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦how deceptive then, that an omnipresent being should be recognisable precisely by being invisibleââ¬â¢ (McDonald, 1996).â⬠His fatherââ¬â¢s influence has been noted quite frequently in Kierkegaardââ¬â¢s works. Not only did Kierkegaard inherit his fathers melancholy, his sense of guilt and anxiety, and his pietistic emphasis on the dour aspects of Christian faith, but he also inherited his talents for philosophical argument and creative imagination (McDonald, 1996). Kierkegaard was a very religious man, even though he did not attend church on a regular basis. ââ¬Å"He perceived God and existence of life from a humanistic view emphasizing the total autonomy of man (Philosopher Kierkegaard, 2011).â⬠As almost a lone man standing, Kierkegaard was in seclusion publishing his writings for most of his adult life, due to the atheism of fellow philosophers of his time. ââ¬Å"[Kierkegaardââ¬â¢s] legacy was his belief that our response to God should be one of unrestrained passion toward our beloved (Philosopher Kierkegaard, 2011).â⬠During his later years Kierkegaard felt that the Christian religion had become corrupt through secular and political involvement, so he started to attack Christendom sayingShow MoreRelatedSoren Kierkegaard on God1772 Words à |à 7 PagesKierkegaard claims that, Infinite resignation is the last stage before faith, so anyone who has not made this movement does not have faith, for only in infinite resignation does an individual become conscious of his eternal validity, and only then can one speak of grasping existence by virtue of faith, (page 52). This idea is demonstrated when Abraham surrenders himself to his fate and surrenders the life of his son to God. This infinite resignation is the reason God grants Abraham his sonââ¬â¢s lifeRead MoreEssay The Father of Existentialism: Soren Kierkegaard1068 Words à |à 5 Pagesphilosophical thinking begin with the human in terms of thinking, acting and feeling. The fundamental concepts of the externalist philosophers are that they believed that the existence of human conditions is the main problem to share similar ontology. Soren Kierkegaard is considered to be the father of existenti alism. Although, he did not use the word ââ¬Ëexistentialismââ¬â¢, but initially the concept that no society or religion is the main cause that leads an individual to live a life with sincerity or passionatelyRead MoreA Summary, Analysis and Discussion of Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard, Training in Christianity2560 Words à |à 11 PagesAà summary, analysis and discussion of Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard, Training in Christianity[1] I. Introduction In this essay, I will try to summarize, analyze and discuss several pages of Sà ¸ren Kierkegaardââ¬â¢s Training in Christianity. I will try to focus on his approach to sacred history, a general Christian history and Christianity, which he discusses in this work in relation to faith in God. In other parts of this essay I will attempt also to relate these pages of his work to some key ideas ofRead MoreSoren Kierkegaard And The Existentialist Philosophy1116 Words à |à 5 Pages 2. The Existentialist philosophy, started by Soren Kierkegaard, focuses on self-directed education, finding answers within yourself. Students are not graded because all standards come from themselves. This philosophy emphasizes freedom of choice and mind, and that authentic creative thinking leads to true learning experiences (Cohen). The teacher helps students find their passions and understand who they are. Existentialism has never become prevalent in schools because it is difficult to apply inRead MorePhilosophical Fragments By Soren Kierkegaard Essay922 Words à |à 4 PagesIn Sà ¸ren Kierkegaardââ¬â¢s book, ââ¬Å"Philosophical Fragmentsâ⬠he first prefaces his writing by explaining his own inadequacy to do so. It is his desire to deliberate upon the actuality of truth and itââ¬â¢s application to the human existence, but in order to do so, he deemed it necessary to admit that ââ¬Å"What is offered here is only a pamphlet...without any claim to being a part of the s cientific-scholarly endeavorâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (Preface 1 IV 176). Near the end of his preface Kierkegaard, in efforts to convey his intentRead MoreThe Existential Choice : Soren Kierkegaard1368 Words à |à 6 PagesSoren Kierkegaard is a Danish philosopher and theologian who attempted to deliver his existentialist point of views. Specifically, Kierkegaard emphasizes the need for humans to take responsibility for their actions and go beyond their ââ¬Å"socially imposed identitiesâ⬠(Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). According to his earliest major work ââ¬Å"Either/Or,â⬠he suggests humans are reluctantly stuck between two spheres of life that they must choose between: aesthetic or ethical. He delves into what constitutesRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Plato, Soren Kierkegaard, And Friedrich Nietzsche2613 Words à |à 11 Pagesjournal with the goal of recounting my travels to different philosophical societies. Remarkably, each one of the three societies I was privileged enough to travel to r igidly followed a renowned philosophy. These were the philosophies of Plato, Soren Kierkegaard, and Friedrich Nietzsche. The Republic The first society I visited was that of Plato ââ¬â¢s philosophy. The residents were very kind and sought out true meanings of different vi rtues solely by dialectic. They structured their city much the sameRead MoreThe Individual or Society Essay1235 Words à |à 5 Pagesinterest. Due to that contradiction, individualism is often contrasted with society or anti-individualism. Does the interest of the individual produce society or does the interest of society produce the individual? To defend individualism will be Soren Kierkegaard and to defend society will be Bertolt Brecht. What is the price of individuality and is it worth the cost? To be an individual is to have individual thoughts, however our actions throughout our life are far from individualistic. Our thoughtsRead MoreThe Song Unwritten by Natasha Bedingfield850 Words à |à 3 Pagesexistentialism music seems to span from much of the well-known literature. Existentialism is prominently seen in literature through the minds of geniuses like Kierkegaard, Heidegger and Sartre. The Concept of Anxiety by Kierkegaard helps to explain the true definition of anxiety and why it exists. ââ¬Å"Learning to understand anxiety is an adventureâ⬠(Kierkegaard). Anxiety is having fear for the unknown, so there is nothing truly there to fear. (www.uri.edu)The dark causes great fear but the fear is of somethingRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Nietzscheââ¬â¢s Preparatory Human Being and Kierkegaardââ¬â¢s Knight of Faith1469 Words à |à 6 Pagesto some question, proposed about subjects that are necessarily personal in nature. All of philosophy is personal, but some philosophers may deny this. Discussed here are philosophers that would not be that silly. Two proto-existentialists, Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche, were keen observers of humanity, and yet their conclusions were different enough to seem contradictory. Discussed here will be Nietzscheââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"preparatory human beingâ⬠and Kierkegaardââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"knight of faithâ⬠. Both are archetypal
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof free essay sample
A discussion of the character Big Daddy, in Tennessee Williams Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. This paper examines in detail the character of Big Daddy and what he represents. The story revolves around him and his family, and their reaction to his pending death from cancer. The characters personalities are explored and their relationships to each other are examined. Big Daddy wishes to leave his estate to his son but the son is unmarried and has no children. Homosexuality, father-son relationships and inter-personal communication are all topics addressed in this paper. Big Daddy was just a drifter when he first came to the plantation owned by two gay men, Jack Straw and Peter Ochello. He only intended to stay long enough to do some yard work and make some pocket money, but he ends up becoming the overseer of the plantation, and inherits it when they die. He loves the twenty-eight thousand acres of the richest land this side of the valley Nile, and he is determined it will stay with Brick, who he thinks is the better and more deserving of his two sons. We will write a custom essay sample on Cat on a Hot Tin Roof or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page
Sunday, April 19, 2020
Stylistic Analysis Of A Cup Of Tea Essay Example For Students
Stylistic Analysis Of A Cup Of Tea Essay 1. Introduction To be honest, when I read the story, I thought how absurd this is. The first appearance of the story to me was just like this. But when I re- thought about some details I realised that the story is not that absurd. Above, it includes some social factors in it. And I think my assignment is going to be all about those details, because for me, truth always hides itself in details, so to analyse this story Im to deal with them. We will write a custom essay on Stylistic Analysis Of A Cup Of Tea specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 2. Summary of the story The story is all about Rosemary Fell, a rich, young and modern country woman and one of her shopping days. This day, and an extra-ordinary day it was, started after she got out from an antique shop with a little box in her mind, that she is planing to buy. What made this ordinary day, extra- ordinary came with a voice of a young, poor girl, Miss Smith. She was shyly asking money for a cup of tea. At the moment Rosemary couldnt believe her ears. How can someone doesnt have money, even for a cup of tea? She thought a little, and decided to make an invitation. She invited this young, poor girl to her home. After some insist, Miss Smith accepted this invitation. They went home and had some cup of tea, and chat for a while. It was a chat that mostly Rosemary talk and Miss Smith listen with tears in her eyes. Then Philip, the husband of Rosemary appeared. He was confused to see Miss Smith, because she is not like one of the other friends of Rosemary. Then he wanted to talk with her and they went to the library. They had a conversation about the poor girl. Philip thought this situation is ridiculous, besides, he thought that Miss Smith is beautiful and pretty. This thought of Philip shocked Rosemary. She didnt look to her as Philip did. After she got out from the library she decided to give some money to her and let her go. Jealousy was the only reason for this. 3. Ideational functions a. Rosemary as participant i Relational process We can both understand her physical and personal state from the story. Everybody seems to be cheerful to her and acts like she is the one and only. This lady is the most active role of the story. We even can say the story is based on her. There are some sentences used to describe her image. a. She was young, brilliant, extremely modern, exquisitely well dressed b. how charming her hands were against the blue velvet. ii. Mental process Mentally Rosemary is the organiser of the story, everything starts with her and so they finish with her. Her words are the commands for the others. For example, if she wants, Miss Smith to come home and have a cup of tea with her, Miss Smith must obey. Her commands are indeclinable. Although she seems to be philanthropic. IÃ think she is not, for me she is so selfish. a. It would be thrilling taking the poor girl home b. And she heard herself saying afterwards to the amazement of her friends I simply took her home with me c. Well keep it for me. Will you? Ill but the shop man had already bowed as though keeping it for her was all any human being can ask. He would be willing, of course, to keep it for her forever. Miss Smith as participant i Relational process She is the blur character of the story. Although we couldnt find information about her, she is the second important role. She appears to be young, poor, shy and pretty. But for me her main appearance is her tiredness. Besides, her personal or physical states are not that clear as Rosemarys. .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 , .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 .postImageUrl , .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 , .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9:hover , .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9:visited , .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9:active { border:0!important; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9:active , .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Twelfth Night: refer closely to the text and show the love and pain that Orsino, Olivia and viola experience Essaya. said the girl and there was pain in her voice b. Battered creature with enormous eyes, someone quite young ii Mental process There seems to be nothing abut her mental process. From the beginning till the end she just did what she is said to. a. Wont you take off your hat? very good madam and the crushed hat was taken off b. The girl stayed just as she had been put Philip as participant i Relational process We can just guess his personal and physical state. We can say that, he is a gentleman and he is a nice guy. And I think he is charming. a. will Miss Smith excuse us b. Philip smiled his charming smile ii. Mental process I think, he exist in the story to make the final boom. Everything changes after his appearance. And he did this by saying: a. She is so astonishingly pretty b. she is absolutely lovely c. I was bowled over 4. Lexis Rosemary represent the rich in this story, and Miss Smith is the poor one. Depending to this situation, the words used to describe them are totally different. We can see that the words describing Rosemary are stronger than the words used for Miss Smith. The words for Rosemary are: brilliant, extremely modern, exquisitely well-dressed, quite presentable and amusing; and I think one word gives the clue of how Miss Smith look like: creature not even a human. As we understand these two women can also be described as powerful and weak. Rosemary has the power because she has the money, and money always brings power. Miss smith is poor, so she is weak. This situation has nothing to do with their characters, if we switch the places of these two women, this time Miss Smith will be the powerful one. I mean money = power . When we think that this story is written by a woman, we can understand why Philip thought pretty about Miss Smith. A man will never mind the social status, they always look to a woman within a different point of view pretty,Ã or not pretty thats the question! and this is the only thing they can think about, except football and cars. 5. Textual and interpersonal functions Rosemary proves her power in every dialogue. In her relationships, she is always the number one. She happen to be a commander. The first dialogue happens with the shop man and he seems like, he can do everything for Rosemary. But for me, the most important dialogue in the story is between Rosemary and Miss Smith. When I read that dialogue, a picture from my mind appeared in my eyes. I asked to myself , if I also had this kind of a dialogue, and I remember those homeless children, trying to sell me handkerchief. Just like Miss Smith, they are trying to be respectful to me. After I realised that, although I didnt want, I treated them just like Rosemary did to Miss Smith. I think, when one feels superior, this is inescapable. There is also another dialogue we can see between Philip and Rosemary. In that conversation, although Philip seems to be the stronger one, he could not change Rosemarys mind. And I guess there is no one in the world can change this kind of a womans mind, except love. 6. Conclusion Before making my conclusion, I read the stuff I wrote, and I saw, mainly I mentioned; how poor is Miss Smith and how rich is Rosemary, and their appearance as two different women. And within the light of these, Im happy to write: In conclusion, I can say that although a human is always a human, the instincts are always stronger than humanity. As we can see, at the very beginning, Rosemary was trying to be helpful to Miss Smith, but when jealousy came to the scene, she gave 3 pounds and simply kicked Miss Smith. I think this is the rule of the world, both in the wild animal life and in modern human life
Sunday, March 15, 2020
HR Management Organizational Culture Essay
HR Management Organizational Culture Essay HR Management: Organizational Culture Essay Organizational culture can be explained as the sum of beliefs, attitudes, traditions and behaviour of an organization. It is the summation of a companyââ¬â¢s goals and the behavioural change of the organization in the process of achieving these goals. It therefore concentrates on human behaviour in organization, how the people interact in the organization and the organization itself (Alvesson, 2002). The arrangement of the organization is also important because it through the structure that issues such as efficiency and effectiveness of the company can be achieved. This is usually done by the process of harmonization and control of the entity. Organizational structure usually deals with issues such as the size, technological aspects, the pattern of activities, strategies, and the concentration of decision making power and also supporting features. It also tries to harmonize these differences for the overall best performance for an organization. People do not work alone but are in contact with other persons and the organization in several ways such as fellow employees, managers, policies and changes put in place by the organization. To make the overall success of an organization, it is necessary to make sure of successful implementation of the policies and harmonization of these factors to the policies and goals. Realistic decision formulation theory: This school of thought puts emphasis on problem identification, action plan formulation, alternative plan formulation and implementation and an overall mechanism for monitoring the progress of the so formulated plans. By going through the problem identification all the way to solution logically helps in proper implementation process of ideas which have been given a proper incubation period to contribute. Decisions made properly will consequently give yield to better results and improve the organizationââ¬â¢s performance. According to Plantinga (1993b, 144-145), he put forward the criticism that the level of rationality usually differs from one person to another. Consequently, what appears rational in an organization in respect to another may be different to another. In addition, Plantiga also added that it is in the nature of people to comply with the decisions and rules set within an organization but this does not necessary warrant that they agree with the decisions in regard to the firm. The company can apply the Maslowââ¬â¢s ladder of requirements that was formulated by Abraham Maslow to appeal to the staff, the management needs to concentrate more on what the employees in the firm need. If the management needs the staff to participate in certain activities and behaviour then it should correctly identify and appease the needs of the staff (Maslow, 1954, p. 47). The management needs to identify the needs in a hierarchical order and will need to satisfy the lower hierarchy needs before it proceeds to the next level. Therefore, one cannot achieve self actualization until the lower hierarchical needs are met (McClelland, 1962). By attending to needs such as time to socialise with co-workers and secure work environment only once they have been achieved can the staff achieve better self esteem and hence better staff motivation. Mismatched motivation efforts and hierarchy need then these results to unsatisfied needs and consequently poorly motivated staff. The areas of criticism for this theory may be attributed to the fact that it does not put into consideration the part organizational cultures plays in the success and activity of the firm. The theory also ignores the fact that people who are deprived may still strive to attain self actualization. This is because self actualization is innate in people and this does not necessarily mean that just because one is deprived they cannot attain self realization (Kane-Urrabazo, 2006). How Maslow attained those five categories is also another area that has raised disagreement. The accuracy of the needs and also order of those needs do not include an in depth study of the needs and order from a scientific point of view. There has been no evidence to point of the direction of a study being done by Maslow (Behling Schriesheim, 2001). Another point that is pointed out was the measurements needs. To quantify things such as love, security among other needs is nearly impossible to achieve. In addition, there may be some needs that also overlap like when he states that physical needs and safety needs. These two will have a point of intersection and this can be difficult to tear apart (Kane-Urrabazo, 2006). The personality theory urges that so as to improve group performance, the managers should choose only the staffs that possess the right skills and trait geared more too self achievement. The effort made by a person to ensure that the task at hand is accomplished can be used a san measure of how much they are motivated towards success. Staff with a strong achievement orientation work hard to achieve socially accepted success and activities. Therefore, finished assignment, solved work problems usually means better performance of the organization and a successful one for that matter (Behling, Schriesheim, 2001). The five factor model (openness, extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness) (Rita, Richard, Edward, Smith, Bem Susan, 2000) determines the level of performance across most jobs. It is exemplary good at gauging the level of success experienced at any given company. Staff with higher achievement levels set high individual goals and also put in effort and time so as to achieve them. Individuals with such characteristics are on wonder the one getting promotions in the work place. With a staff with such qualities essentially means a greater successful organization that once goals are set, the employees do not settle until they have been achieved. The leaders can only manage to get such group of people right from the hiring process such as getting people with high score. With such, it is expected that an aggressive bosses will set aggressive goals with their staff and the staff will work hard to achieve them. It should not come as a surprise when you find the same staff going back to class or learning other trades related to the organization (Chavan, 2009). One critic of the hypothesis is that personality conversion in individuals is inevitable. The characters that one meets and interacts with in that course of life modify the personality of a person. In addition, it can be very hard to be certain that those same characteristics in the staff are likely to remain the same after a year (Behling Schriesheim, 2001). In addition, the measurements of these five traits do not necessary give a forecast of the individual behaviour. A person may exhibit the personality of being an extrovert but the reality is that the person is an introvert. This will in turn affect the communication transmission within the organization (Ybema, 2011). On the other hand, the personality of a person is affected by the situation one finds them in. During an interview, a potential employee may exhibit those personalities but upon arrival in the work place, the person is different from the expected (Ybema, 2011). Goal setting theory is perhaps the easiest and common theory of improving staff motivation and improving the companyââ¬â¢s performance. The leaders should set clearly the performance goals and objectives and device a systematic way into achieving them. Targets and goals demand attention, effort, development of achievement strategies and exert peopleââ¬â¢s efforts to achieve them. When the goals set have been attained greater and more difficult tasks are even set (Latham, 1979). A study done by Locke and Latham (2006) showed that specific and difficult goals got higher performance and effort compared to those of do the best you can goals. Devotion to the goals and purposes of the firm was also very important. This is directly proportional to the goals individuals help set so long as the leader had authority, set clear performance levels and had confidence in the staff. Giving a summary on the success and failure of the tasks is also essential. Goals can be set for any activity in an organization such as cost reduction, better service and product quality among others (Locke and Latham, 2006) However, care should be observed to avoiding setting goals that are contradictory because staff can only concentrate only such effort at a time. Goals achieved successfully give the staff a sense of satisfaction and the easier the goals are the easier they are to accomplish compared to more tough goals. A the same time extremely easy goals which require less effort lowers performance compared to more tough jobs (Alderfer, 1972). The managerââ¬â¢s goal accomplishment expectation affects the level of performance by the staff and company in general. Therefore to improve an individual and consequently the organization performance, the management should set high but attainable goals and also show confidence and give support to the staff about the job being done (Doyle, 2001). Criticism of this theory have been that , one, the theory has been over praised as being effective across all jobs in an organization but in reality some organizations do not agree with this. This is because there are some departments that goal setting might not be the best way of getting jobs done (Day, Sin, Chen, 2004). The theory focuses very much on the specific task. By doing this, the staff might spend too much time in trying to get these tasks done but ignoring other aspects of the organization hence negative consequences (Coulehan, 2004). It is the inborn trait of individuals to only concentrate at one job at a time. However, since this theory advocates for multiple, small goals, the staff will still only achieve a goal at a time even if those two goals need to be achieved simultaneously to impact the organization performance (Doyle, 2001). In addition, the time horizon of jobs does overshadow one another. Taking that organizations fix attention on short term jobs, the long term goals will be affected. This was not put in mind in advancing this theory (Latham, 1979). It has not yet been determined if there is a linear agreement between the level of toughness of goals and job performance. There are times when jobs that are tough may lead to unwanted results in the organization. If the employees fail to reach the set targets, it might lead to unwanted effects on them in that they may develop poor self esteem among others (Latham, 1979). Generation of counterpoise scorecards is another theory. Financial performance is not the only way to assess the performance of organizations. By concentrating only on one such indicator will affect the other indicators and will suffer in the long run. It can take a short time to indicate the financial performance of an organization but other key organization indicator performance are little mentioned. They include satisfaction of the customer, turnover of employees among others. According to Norton and Kaplan, setting goals for all of such indicators will results to improved operational and financial performance (Coulehan, 2004). This theory has been critiqued in that it lowers the certainty levels in an ever changing environment. There have been investigations carried out and they do affect the managerââ¬â¢s decisions in regard to budgeting plans. Consequently, strategic planning of operational activities is affected in the long run (Doyle, 2001). Conclusion Therefore, strong organizational culture has a positive correlation with the productivity of the organization, the staff, environment of the workplace and even staff motivation. This can be achieved by a strong incentive programs, fairness in policies and also good leadership. A motivated employee works more and harder, gives better results and also maintains a good attitude than a person who is not motivated. To understand the organizational culture in favour of staff motivation and hence overall improvement in the organization performance, the management requires having an in-depth understanding of the goals, needs and expectation of the staff and also the organization. Policy fairness is very important in creating a safe work place and also a great factor that contributes to motivation and hence improved company performance. Therefore, the way the structure of the organization is determines a lot how the culture will be. Feel free to enjoy professional Management essay help from academic experts at if you need a high-quality custom written paper. We guarantee non-plagiarized papers!
Thursday, February 27, 2020
ECON 2337 - Money, Finance, and the Modern Consumer Essay
ECON 2337 - Money, Finance, and the Modern Consumer - Essay Example at can only be satisfied through products and service of consumers are safety needs, physiological and biological needs, and esteem needs (Schor, 13). On the other hand, the needs that can only be satisfied though the products and services of non-consumers are love needs and belongingness, and self-actualization Conspicuous consumption is a type of consumption where consumers buy expensive commodities to display income and wealth rather than covering their real needs. Such consumers use such behaviors in maintaining or gaining a higher social status. In modern America, there is emerging conspicuous compassion, where Americans have publicly donated great amounts of money to charity organization so that their social prestige can rise. In the Maslowââ¬â¢s hierarchy of needs, conspicuous consumption fits in the esteem need status where it is characterized by status, reputation, responsibility, and achievement. What people acquire and later own is bound to the personal identity. Most people compare their possessions and lifestyle to a selected group that they most respect and like. This is what we call the competitive acquisition. Due to the evolution of 20th century, the focus groups are not their neighbors but rather those people that earn 3 to 5 times their income. This phenomenon has led to the national culture of new consumerism (Schor, 63). The new family groups entail the television families, models, and celebrities. In new consumerism, it is now built on the standardââ¬â¢s relentless ratcheting. The society has now grown on what they need. Today, there is a downshifting trend where the people dropping from the society, living ideologically and communally motivated. They now exist in the midst of American mainstream. However, those people swim against the current progress of the economy. The principles behind the shift include the control desire, voluntary restraints, and commerc ializing the rituals. The social media has had a hand in the competitive acquisition.
Tuesday, February 11, 2020
Motivation Paper Self assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Motivation Paper Self assessment - Essay Example This is correlated to the varying scores that individuals attain in self assessment tests. In this case, it is justified to argue that, the variances in the self assessment tests attribute to the fact that, individuals are different in terms of motivation levels. From the online test, I attained a high score in the dominant needs; average score on the secondary needs, and for the minor needs, the score was lowest. This notion is an interpretation of the fact that, I possess a philosophical mind, my being motivated would only emanate from within, as I am constantly out to foresee what might come out as a result of reactions of peoplesââ¬â¢ deeds, especially resultant actions. In the case of an organization, the manager may need to assess my personal ability in an attempt to ensure that I fit in the organization. Since my strength emanates from within, the aspects of self actualization in the Maslowââ¬â¢s hierarchy of needs would be beneficial. This aspect allows individuals have a fertile ground where they would achieve their goals and objectives despite the occurrences in the environment. From the test, a person of ability to think through the minds of others is only fair that the other aspects of the hierarchy of needs are satisfied so as they can self actualize. On another angle, theory Y can be applied in my case. This aspect conforms to the fact that, individuals are free to work on their own accord, with minimal supervision. The test attests to my ability to read the minds of persons as well as grasp concepts in an easier manner. I have also been indicated to work easily in the company of others and have emotional intelligence that allows me understand what individuals may result to in various circumstances. In this case, the manager needs not bother instilling the feelings that I need to work, since my motivation levels emanate from within. In an attempt to motivate me, the manager may consider incorporating me in the
Friday, January 31, 2020
Is the Chinese Renminbi Undervalued Essay Example for Free
Is the Chinese Renminbi Undervalued Essay Since July 2005, first time being revalued after 11 years of fixing at 8.27, Chinese Yuan has been heading towards only one direction ââ¬â all the way from 8.27 to 6.27. Although Yuan is a highly regulated currency by government, Chinese officials could no longer peg the Yuan as it used to be in a closed economy because WTO had opened up doors for Chinese manufacturers in 2001 to export cheap goods and services to developed countries. With trillions of foreign capital flooding into the country, Yuan has appreciated over 30% over seven years. However, this one-way money flow cannot be sustained. Though it is not sure whether Yuan is at the absolute equilibrium, it is currently neither significantly undervalued nor overvalued. This essay is going to explain why Yuan is modestly priced with analysis in both the fundamentals and money flows. Needs for appreciation in past In theory, two open economies should have equivalent purchasing power ââ¬â that is, if 10 units of foreign currency can buy something that is valued at 1 unit of domestic currency, the implied equilibrium exchange rate should also be 10(domestic as based money). Otherwise, there is an arbitrage opportunity. We call this Purchase Power Parity. In reality, despite some limitations about this theory, it explains most of the valuation problem in China. Take a look at Chinaââ¬â¢s Balance of Payments over 2003-2010 and it is obvious to observe huge surplus annually in both current and capital financial account, accumulating to a foreign reserve of $3.3 trillion. Reach equilibrium? At the government level, on one hand, it had to increase money base to maintain exchange rate against USD at a gradual appreciation pace. On the other hand, it needs to hold huge foreign assets, primarily in USD, to back up its currency from deprecation in the event of capital outflows. Amid the money inflow, Chinese central bank faced mounting pressure of inflation on local assets. The private sectors are impacted in two ways. Firstly, Chinese residents and companies feel much richer now because higher RMB increases their purchase power of foreign assets. This means more imports and capital account outflows. Secondly, inflation and appreciation means that Chinese products and services are more expensive. And this would lead to less exports. Pew Survey showed that 70% of Chinese people feel financially better off than five years ago, which among the best in the world. In the last a few years, the fact of continues Yuan appreciation, associated with stories about how China is cash rich and how Chinese investors are buying everything they can in the world, raises interesting discussion if Yuan had appreciated enough. There is also a trend that more goods are manufactured in new WTO members such as Nepal and Vietnam that have price advantage over China. Moreover, in the currency forward market, investors have priced in modest depreciation for Yuan in the next 12 months and spot market is no longer moving towards one direction. Data showsâ⬠¦ All those various observations reveal the same process that drives RMB exchange rate to an equilibrium level. Recent data also suggests that at current FX level, the rise in trade surplus and capital finance account surplus slowed (see chart below). So does foreign reserve. What does it means? If we apply a popular formula: Capital out flow = Foreign Reserve ââ¬â FDI ââ¬â Trade surplus Numbers imply that 62.4 ââ¬â 128.5 ââ¬â 145.8 = 211.9 billions has flown out of China in the first three quarters of 2012. Although this estimation still lacks of actual evidence, the scale of growth slowing down in foreign reserve in 2012 is worth attention since it is so large that it is hard to be justified by seasonal adjustment or calculation period discrepancy. This might signal the start of reverse capital flows of Yuan, which means Yuan is no longer undervalued. Ultimatelyâ⬠¦ The answer to Yuanââ¬â¢s valuation problem is complex especially given that it is still mostly controlled by government and there are so many dynamic factors to consider. So far there are some money flows and data support the conclusion that Yuan is no longer significantly undervalued. In the long run, as expectation of Chinese government to allow a fully conversion Yuan is built on, maybe the real answer can only be found out by then.
Thursday, January 23, 2020
Vertebrate Adaptions for Terrestrial Life Essay -- AP-Biology Biology
Vertebrate Adaptions For Terrestrial Life AP-Biology Essay on vertebrate structural adaptations for terrestrial life. Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã The problems of survival of animals on land are very different from those of survival of animals in aquatic environment. Describe four problems associated with animal survival in terrestrial environments but not in aquatic environments. For each problem, explain a physiological of structural solution. Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Four problems faced by animals on land are breathing (respiration), water conservation in excretions, successful reproduction, and the producing an egg which can survive outside of the water. Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã All animals need to respire, but I have no idea why. Maybe you would like to answer that? Aquatic animals use gills, which are outgrowths from the body which increase surface area over which gas exchange can occur. Inside the gills of aquatic animals, the circulatory system removes oxygen, and delivers waste carbon dioxide. Land vertebrates have developed a different approach to the problem of gas exchange, as water is not present in all of the terrestrial environment. Terrestrial vertebrates have developed lungs to solve this problem. Air enters through the nasal passages, or the mouth, passes through the trachea, then branches off at the two bronchi, and goes through many branching passages called bronchioles, which end in alveoli. Alveoli are sack-like structures where the circulatory system meets the respiratory system. Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã S...
Tuesday, January 14, 2020
High School and Everyday Pressures Essay
The topic sentence of the paragraph Is, a trip to the ocean can be a relaxing escape from everyday pressures of life. b. What sentence is unrelated to the topic and can be eliminated? The sentence that is unrelated to the topic is, you should always be careful to avoid overexposure to the sun at the beach. 2. List four things to look for when youââ¬â¢re proofreading. Four things you should look for while proofreading are, grammar, spelling, correct punctuation, and proper capitalization. 3. Complete the following two steps: a. Define the term cliche. The term cliche is a word, phrase, or idea that is over used. b. Write one sentence that contains a cliche. The mother said to the daughter angrily, ââ¬Å"youââ¬â¢ll never get through school unless you get your act together. â⬠Get your act together is the cliche. 4. Name and explain two types of prewriting. Brainstorming, make a list of every idea that comes to mind. Free writing, you fill a piece of paper with any idea that comes to mind about your topic. 5. Choose one of the topics listed below and write a five-sentence paragraph using chronological order To arrange the details of the paragraph. . Signing on to my homepage is simple. Signing on to my home page is simple. First, what I do when I turn on my computer, is click on the internet. Second, I go to the favorites tab and click High School Courses. This automatically pulls up the homepage. Then I go to the top left and click student login. Last, I type in my information and get to work. 6. Choose one of the followin g topics. Write an eight-sentence paragraph that fully develops the topic. d. A high school diploma is important to my future. I feel you canââ¬â¢t be successful in life without some form of education. For example, over the summer I attended a volunteer program at a Homeless shelter. My experience was not bad at all. In fact the people there were really nice. Every person I talked to had either dropped out of high school or did not apply themselves. Discussing with the people at the shelter made me realize my life wasnââ¬â¢t so bad and how having a education is a must in todayââ¬â¢s society. After that experience I decided that I needed to get my high school diploma so I do not have to struggle for the rest of my life. By writing this essay I have finally accomplished my goal.
Monday, January 6, 2020
Strategy Review - 2493 Words
STRATEGY REVIEW, EVALUATION, AND CONTROL OUTLINE | |The Nature of Strategy Evaluation | | |A Strategy-Evaluation Framework | | |Published Sources of Strategy-Evaluation Information | | |Characteristics of an Effective Evaluation System | | |Contingency Planning | | |Auditingâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦advantage 7. These trends make strategy evaluation difficult: a. dramatic increase in environmental complexity b. difficult in predicting future c. increasing number of variables d. rapid rate of obsolescence e. increase in the number of world events affecting organization f. decreasing time spans for planning VTN (Visit the Net): www.csuchico.edu/mgmt/strategy/module1/sld046.htm describes the how and why of strategy evaluation. VTN (Visit the Net): www.csuchico.edu/mgmt/strategy/module1/sld047.htm elaborates on ââ¬Å"taking corrective actions.â⬠B. The Process of Evaluating Strategies 1. Strategy evaluation is necessary for all sizes and kinds of organizations. a. Strategy evaluation should initiate managerial questioning of expectations and assumptions, trigger a review of objectives and values, and stimulate creativity in generating alternatives and formulating criteria of evaluation. 2. Evaluating strategies on a continuous rather than a periodic basis allows benchmarks of progress to be established and more effectively monitored. 3. Managers and employees of the firm should continually be aware of progress being made toward achieving the firmââ¬â¢s objectives. As critical success factors change, organizational members should be involved in determining appropriate corrective actions. VTN (Visit the Net):Show MoreRelatedStrategy Review, Evaluation, and Control1937 Words à |à 8 PagesThe best formulated and implemented strategies become obsolete as a firmââ¬â¢s external and internal environments change. It is essential, therefore, that strategists systematically review, evaluate, and control the execution of strategies. 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