Free Hamlet Essays: Little Control in Hamlet :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Little Control in Hamlet   Despite the fact that Hamlet is a ruler, he has little power through an incredible span. In that time numerous things were chosen for the sovereigns and princesses, for example, their instruction and even who they wedded. This was pretty much the ordinary lifestyle for an offspring of the ruler. Be that as it may, on account of Hamlet, any of the control he thought he had, fell away with the homicide of his dad. Having his dad, the ruler, be slaughtered by his own sibling, sent Hamlet into a condition of feeling defenseless and crazy. Cooped up in a royal residence with no genuine outlet, he attempts to control at any rate one part of his life. Hamlet purposely plays with Ophelia's feelings so as to feel in charge of something since he can't control the circumstance with Claudius. So much is going on in Hamlet's life, his dad's demise, his uncle's ascent to control, Fortinbras good to go to strike and attack Denmark, and his relationship with Ophelia, that he is feels vulnerable and not even in charge of his own life. He feels caught and restricted by his circumstance and therefor not in charge of it. Hamlet feels as though the circumstances that he is in are controlling him as opposed to he having the option to control them and he feels caught by them, especially the circumstance with Claudius. Hamlet: †¦What have you, my old buddies, merited because of Fortune that she sends you to jail here? Guildenstern: Prison my master? Hamlet: Denmark's a jail (Act 2, Scene 2, sections 242-247) Hamlet even ventures to such an extreme as to consider Denmark a jail since he feels so caught in his life there and feels so defenseless to change his circumstance, as though he were secured in it like a jail cell. Another understanding could be that Hamlet is despairing and uncertain, and isn't attempting to control anybody. He is giving just to deliver retribution a shot Claudius, at which he falls flat for absence of a perfect time. Hamlet: Now may I do it pat, now'a is an asking, And now I do it. What's more, so'a goes to paradise. Thus I am revenged†¦But in our condition and course of thought, 'Tis substantial with him; and afterward I am vindicated, To take him in the cleansing of his of his soul†¦No.

Caribbean Essay -- essays research papers

Numerous individuals will consider Caribbean Islands as a decent spot for an escape get-away. In any case, recorded foundation of Caribbean is to some degree extraordinary. Caribbean has a long history of colonization and subjection for some ages. As new colonization was built up, new societies and dialects were presented.      People keeps an eye on just spotlight on the splendid side of the Columbus⠡â ¯s incredible find of the new land and colonization of the European nations and can without much of a stretch disregard the annihilation and the harms of the lives of local nations. who were the principal Caribbean some time before the Columbus⠡â ¯s revelation, were nearly cleared out by the merciless intrusion of the European nations alongside their societies and their dialects. The Europeans held onto Caribbean yet when they need the slaves for the sugar businesses, they were brought from every single diverse piece of Africa as a human freight. Among the slaves, they had numerous social contrasts just as dialects themselves since they were brought from various areas of Africa.  â â â â When subjugation was deserted all through the Caribbean in mid-nineteenth century, the monetary and political structure that controlled the island remained. The exslaves had to work underneath the base wages. Enormous number of Caribbean emigrated wanting to discover better affordable chances. So as to supplant the missing number of laborers, numerous Asian workers were brought to Caribbean. This came about I...

Politics And Society Essays - Campaign Finance In The United States

Legislative issues and Society Media, cash, and the First Amendment are three key impacts in a fruitful political run. Media inclusion is imperative to acquaint general society with the up-and-comer and to show where he remains on specific issues. Cash is expected to purchase TV and radio time. The First Amendment ensures everybody the right to speak freely, yet in what capacity would this be able to be sensibly characterized. One potential arrangement would be limitations on the measure of cash that people can give to help their up-and-comers. Current media has affected and perhaps modified the historical backdrop of legislative issues. As expressed by Washington Post journalist Dan Morgan, The most significant ware in American governmental issues today is publicizing time on TV. The issue with this announcement is that lone the individuals with cash approach this choice. Republican battle administrator, Mark Hanna, was cited saying, There are two things that are significant in legislative issues. The first is cash and I can't recollect what the second is. on the side of this statement, a great many dollars are spent on political crusades in a single week. One case of this issue is shown by Ralph Nader, the contender for the Green Party, who isn't also known as George W. Bramble or Al Gore. His fame has slacked in light of the fact that he doesn't have the assets to purchase as much TV time as the other, increasingly subsidized, applicants. When Nader, ran for Presidency in 1996, he just went through $5,000 of his own cash and got just a single percent of the votes. Likewise, on October 3, 2000, he was denied access into the third and last discussion at Washington University, and thus, he recorded a claim against the Commission of Presidential Debates. Despite the fact that all the essential passes were introduced, the CPD security despite everything would not let him enter onto the Washington University grounds, where he had a formerly planned meeting with the grounds TV channel. Conversely, when multimillionaire Ross Perot ran for administration as an outsider in 1992, he got right around a fifth of the votes since he could speak wit h people in general through paid media and discussions. Dissimilar to Ralph Nader in any case, Ross Perot was driving the race up until July, when he dropped out of the race in view of negative media that his family was accepting. At the point when he reemerged in October he spent over $37 million of his own cash for battle promotions and infomercials in the last month of crusade. Perot was permitted to take part in the presidential discussions, a benefit that Nader was denied. The presence of an applicant on open TV is significant. In the event that an individual can recognize the essence of a government official and what he has said in battles, at that point that applicant has a superior possibility of winning. The physical appearance of an up-and-comer can be an unequivocal subject in a political race. During the appointment of 1960, Richard M. Nixon and John F. Kennedy were differentiated as two totally various individuals. Nixon was portrayed as Nixon-of-the-five-o'clock-shadow and Kennedy was depicted as attractive and young. The outcome: another energetic president. Likewise, in 1984, Ronald Reagan had all the earmarks of being in a befuddled perspective during a discussion and the musings of mature age influencing the applicant's capacity to completely work as President saturated the brains of numerous individuals. During the subsequent discussion, inquired as to whether he would have the option to completely work in an international strategy emerge ncy, he reacted by saying, I won't make age an issue in this battle. I won't abuse, for political purposes, my rival's childhood and naiveté. This one proclamation permitted the contender to endure the discussion of the media about his age. Media is the main path the greater part of the number of inhabitants in the United States discovers what occurs in legislative issues. TV is exceptional as in it is free media in light of the Communications Act of 1934, which was made to serve the open intrigue, accommodation and need. The media focuses on making the most fascinating stories, yet rather, they should focus on illuminating people in general about issues that are being examined in discussions and shows on the grounds that most of the overall population doesn't think enough about governmental issues to comprehend what is being

On Popcorn, Pudewa and Video Writing Instruction

Oct 31 2019    You may have already heard some of the buzz from IEW ® about an upcoming important announcement. It’s exciting news that we are looking forward to sharing with you all. While the clock has been steadily counting down the hours and minutes until the big reveal, I’ve been looking back and reflecting on some of my family’s earliest experiences with IEW. For our first taste of Structure and Style ®, I selected a video-based course, and I’m so thankful. It was the catalyst that paved the way for our success—for my children in their writing and for me in my teaching. I distinctly remember the day I began teaching my little boys how to write with Structure and Style. It was midafternoon on a sunny and warm Monday. After I had prepared their writing notebooks, I brewed a fresh pot of iced tea and popped some popcorn. The mouth-watering aroma and cheerful sound of the popping kernels served as an extremely effective clarion call. My boys came running. â€Å"Why are you popping popcorn, mom?† my oldest asked. â€Å"It’s time to start our writing lesson,† I explained. â€Å"Head over to the couch. Don’t forget to get a napkin for yourself and your brother!† The boys scrambled over the back of the couch, plopped on a cushion, and began munching the salty, buttery corn. I took out the first disc, inserted it into the DVD player, and sat back in the recliner with my own notebook and pen and a tall glass of iced tea. Soothing music started. Over the next hour, give or take, the boys and I watched the â€Å"funny guy,† Andrew Pudewa, introduce Structure and Style and chart a course for writing for our year. My boys were engaged, and I felt, perhaps for the first time that day, rested and peaceful. The three of us came out of that, our very first video-based lesson, excited about the year and encouraged to begin writing right away. Video-based instruction is an educational approach that is growing in popularity and for good reason. For starters, incorporating video lightens the load of the instructor. Writing lesson plans requires a significant amount of a teacher’s time. Teachers gain back valuable hours when they are able to incorporate video for at least a portion of their instructional time. For the teacher it can mean the difference between feeling stressed and overworked to feeling empowered and relaxed. Another benefit teachers receive when they include video instruction in their classes and homeschools is expert modeling from master teachers. As I watched Andrew Pudewa teach my boys how to write all those many years ago, I was also learning; I was learning how to teach written expression to students. I had originally purchased IEW video curriculum because I felt ill-equipped to teach composition. My earlier attempts at it confirmed to me that I needed expert help. Sitting down with my boys that first day to watch Mr. Pudewa, I felt encouraged that I had finally found the support I needed to be able to learn how to teach what to me had previously been a nearly unteachable, nebulous subject: written expression. The benefits of video-based instruction extend to students as well. Today’s learners are familiar with video and connect well with it. It’s another way to introduce multisensory learning. Watching a video lesson, students are transported out of their physical classroom to another setting. This novelty helps retain students’ attention and engagement. Additionally, just as video instruction provides valuable modeling for the classroom or homeschool teacher, it also brings the â€Å"best and the brightest† instructors directly to the students. The students have the benefit of learning from the master teacher himself. This high-quality instruction translates into students who are better able to learn from and apply their lessons to their assignments. They feel equipped and able to tackle their assignments because they have learned from the best. Flexibility is another key feature for video-based instruction. Because videos are stored, either on a disc or in the cloud, they are always available. There’s no concern about missing a live-taught class. Knowing this, teachers are able to bring in video instruction when it works for them and are able to adjust the pacing and class session times to work best for their students. No longer is there any worry over missing instruction because it is always there and accessible. I am so glad we chose to use a video format for our family’s first taste of Structure and Style. We all learned so much. The boys learned how to write, and I learned how to teach writing. We all laughed too. Mr. Pudewa is funny! That inaugural IEW year led to many, many more successful writing experiences. Frankly, I don’t think we could have been as successful without experiencing that first video course. In hindsight it turned out to perhaps be the single most important key to creating the competent and confident communicators I have today. One final thought for you. While I can’t tell you what’s coming down the pike, I can help you be one of the first in the know. IEW has an online sign-up link that will allow you to be notified bright and early Wednesday, November 20, when all will be revealed. I encourage you to fill it out. It’s worth waiting for. In the words of Andrew Pudewa, â€Å"This is the best thing we have ever done. It is the most comprehensive. It is the most certain.† We can’t wait to share it with you.                                                                                           IEW ® and Structure and Style ® are registered trademarks of the Institute for Excellence in Writing, L.L.C.    Jennifer Mauser  has always loved reading and writing and received a B.A. in English from the University of Kansas in 1991. Once she and her husband had children, they decided to homeschool, and she put all her training to use in the home. In addition to homeschooling her children, Jennifer teaches IEW classes out of her home, coaches budding writers via  email,  and tutors students who struggle with dyslexia. Log in or register to post commentsJennifer Mausers blog Log in or register to post comments What could it be? Permalink By kpuddleglumNov10 Short of having a hologram of Andrew teaching in every IEW home I don't know what he could do to top what he has done already in changing the world! The wait is driving me nuts- Are they opening a school? Do we get points for guessing? I hate riddles! Is He doing a corny joke DVD?   Kathleen Van Every in DE Log in or register to post comments You wont have to wait much Permalink By Jennifer MauserNov11 You won't have to wait much longer! I promise! Log in or register to post comments

Soren Kierkegaard Essay - 1309 Words

Project: Soren Kierkegaard: Mega Mind of the 19th Century Soren Kierkegaard: Mega Mind of the 19th Century As a man whose work spans across areas such as philosophy, theology, devotional literature, and more, Soren Kierkegaard is considered one of the mega-minds of philosophy and the 19th century. He was influenced by many people throughout his life, as well as influencing many people himself. With works that ranged from religious views all the way to developing a â€Å"new† way to view our surroundings, Kierkegaard was a very well-rounded and mentally profound man. There were few people that could influence such a profound mind at the time, but Kierkegaard found them both in church as well as in the realm of philosophy. As a whole†¦show more content†¦how deceptive then, that an omnipresent being should be recognisable precisely by being invisible’ (McDonald, 1996).† His father’s influence has been noted quite frequently in Kierkegaard’s works. Not only did Kierkegaard inherit his fathers melancholy, his sense of guilt and anxiety, and his pietistic emphasis on the dour aspects of Christian faith, but he also inherited his talents for philosophical argument and creative imagination (McDonald, 1996). Kierkegaard was a very religious man, even though he did not attend church on a regular basis. â€Å"He perceived God and existence of life from a humanistic view emphasizing the total autonomy of man (Philosopher Kierkegaard, 2011).† As almost a lone man standing, Kierkegaard was in seclusion publishing his writings for most of his adult life, due to the atheism of fellow philosophers of his time. â€Å"[Kierkegaard’s] legacy was his belief that our response to God should be one of unrestrained passion toward our beloved (Philosopher Kierkegaard, 2011).† During his later years Kierkegaard felt that the Christian religion had become corrupt through secular and political involvement, so he started to attack Christendom sayingShow MoreRelatedSoren Kierkegaard on God1772 Words   |  7 PagesKierkegaard claims that, Infinite resignation is the last stage before faith, so anyone who has not made this movement does not have faith, for only in infinite resignation does an individual become conscious of his eternal validity, and only then can one speak of grasping existence by virtue of faith, (page 52). This idea is demonstrated when Abraham surrenders himself to his fate and surrenders the life of his son to God. This infinite resignation is the reason God grants Abraham his son’s lifeRead MoreEssay The Father of Existentialism: Soren Kierkegaard1068 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosophical thinking begin with the human in terms of thinking, acting and feeling. The fundamental concepts of the externalist philosophers are that they believed that the existence of human conditions is the main problem to share similar ontology. Soren Kierkegaard is considered to be the father of existenti alism. Although, he did not use the word ‘existentialism’, but initially the concept that no society or religion is the main cause that leads an individual to live a life with sincerity or passionatelyRead MoreA Summary, Analysis and Discussion of Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard, Training in Christianity2560 Words   |  11 PagesA  summary, analysis and discussion of Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard, Training in Christianity[1] I. Introduction In this essay, I will try to summarize, analyze and discuss several pages of Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard’s Training in Christianity. I will try to focus on his approach to sacred history, a general Christian history and Christianity, which he discusses in this work in relation to faith in God. In other parts of this essay I will attempt also to relate these pages of his work to some key ideas ofRead MoreSoren Kierkegaard And The Existentialist Philosophy1116 Words   |  5 Pages 2. The Existentialist philosophy, started by Soren Kierkegaard, focuses on self-directed education, finding answers within yourself. Students are not graded because all standards come from themselves. This philosophy emphasizes freedom of choice and mind, and that authentic creative thinking leads to true learning experiences (Cohen). The teacher helps students find their passions and understand who they are. Existentialism has never become prevalent in schools because it is difficult to apply inRead MorePhilosophical Fragments By Soren Kierkegaard Essay922 Words   |  4 PagesIn Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard’s book, â€Å"Philosophical Fragments† he first prefaces his writing by explaining his own inadequacy to do so. It is his desire to deliberate upon the actuality of truth and it’s application to the human existence, but in order to do so, he deemed it necessary to admit that â€Å"What is offered here is only a pamphlet...without any claim to being a part of the s cientific-scholarly endeavor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Preface 1 IV 176). Near the end of his preface Kierkegaard, in efforts to convey his intentRead MoreThe Existential Choice : Soren Kierkegaard1368 Words   |  6 PagesSoren Kierkegaard is a Danish philosopher and theologian who attempted to deliver his existentialist point of views. Specifically, Kierkegaard emphasizes the need for humans to take responsibility for their actions and go beyond their â€Å"socially imposed identities† (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). According to his earliest major work â€Å"Either/Or,† he suggests humans are reluctantly stuck between two spheres of life that they must choose between: aesthetic or ethical. He delves into what constitutesRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Plato, Soren Kierkegaard, And Friedrich Nietzsche2613 Words   |  11 Pagesjournal with the goal of recounting my travels to different philosophical societies. Remarkably, each one of the three societies I was privileged enough to travel to r igidly followed a renowned philosophy. These were the philosophies of Plato, Soren Kierkegaard, and Friedrich Nietzsche. The Republic The first society I visited was that of Plato ’s philosophy. The residents were very kind and sought out true meanings of different vi rtues solely by dialectic. They structured their city much the sameRead MoreThe Individual or Society Essay1235 Words   |  5 Pagesinterest. Due to that contradiction, individualism is often contrasted with society or anti-individualism. Does the interest of the individual produce society or does the interest of society produce the individual? To defend individualism will be Soren Kierkegaard and to defend society will be Bertolt Brecht. What is the price of individuality and is it worth the cost? To be an individual is to have individual thoughts, however our actions throughout our life are far from individualistic. Our thoughtsRead MoreThe Song Unwritten by Natasha Bedingfield850 Words   |  3 Pagesexistentialism music seems to span from much of the well-known literature. Existentialism is prominently seen in literature through the minds of geniuses like Kierkegaard, Heidegger and Sartre. The Concept of Anxiety by Kierkegaard helps to explain the true definition of anxiety and why it exists. â€Å"Learning to understand anxiety is an adventure† (Kierkegaard). Anxiety is having fear for the unknown, so there is nothing truly there to fear. (www.uri.edu)The dark causes great fear but the fear is of somethingRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Nietzsche’s Preparatory Human Being and Kierkegaard’s Knight of Faith1469 Words   |  6 Pagesto some question, proposed about subjects that are necessarily personal in nature. All of philosophy is personal, but some philosophers may deny this. Discussed here are philosophers that would not be that silly. Two proto-existentialists, Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche, were keen observers of humanity, and yet their conclusions were different enough to seem contradictory. Discussed here will be Nietzsche’s â€Å"preparatory human being† and Kierkegaard’s â€Å"knight of faith†. Both are archetypal

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof free essay sample

A discussion of the character Big Daddy, in Tennessee Williams Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. This paper examines in detail the character of Big Daddy and what he represents. The story revolves around him and his family, and their reaction to his pending death from cancer. The characters personalities are explored and their relationships to each other are examined. Big Daddy wishes to leave his estate to his son but the son is unmarried and has no children. Homosexuality, father-son relationships and inter-personal communication are all topics addressed in this paper. Big Daddy was just a drifter when he first came to the plantation owned by two gay men, Jack Straw and Peter Ochello. He only intended to stay long enough to do some yard work and make some pocket money, but he ends up becoming the overseer of the plantation, and inherits it when they die. He loves the twenty-eight thousand acres of the richest land this side of the valley Nile, and he is determined it will stay with Brick, who he thinks is the better and more deserving of his two sons. We will write a custom essay sample on Cat on a Hot Tin Roof or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Stylistic Analysis Of A Cup Of Tea Essay Example For Students

Stylistic Analysis Of A Cup Of Tea Essay 1. Introduction To be honest, when I read the story, I thought how absurd this is. The first appearance of the story to me was just like this. But when I re- thought about some details I realised that the story is not that absurd. Above, it includes some social factors in it. And I think my assignment is going to be all about those details, because for me, truth always hides itself in details, so to analyse this story Im to deal with them. We will write a custom essay on Stylistic Analysis Of A Cup Of Tea specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 2. Summary of the story The story is all about Rosemary Fell, a rich, young and modern country woman and one of her shopping days. This day, and an extra-ordinary day it was, started after she got out from an antique shop with a little box in her mind, that she is planing to buy. What made this ordinary day, extra- ordinary came with a voice of a young, poor girl, Miss Smith. She was shyly asking money for a cup of tea. At the moment Rosemary couldnt believe her ears. How can someone doesnt have money, even for a cup of tea? She thought a little, and decided to make an invitation. She invited this young, poor girl to her home. After some insist, Miss Smith accepted this invitation. They went home and had some cup of tea, and chat for a while. It was a chat that mostly Rosemary talk and Miss Smith listen with tears in her eyes. Then Philip, the husband of Rosemary appeared. He was confused to see Miss Smith, because she is not like one of the other friends of Rosemary. Then he wanted to talk with her and they went to the library. They had a conversation about the poor girl. Philip thought this situation is ridiculous, besides, he thought that Miss Smith is beautiful and pretty. This thought of Philip shocked Rosemary. She didnt look to her as Philip did. After she got out from the library she decided to give some money to her and let her go. Jealousy was the only reason for this. 3. Ideational functions a. Rosemary as participant i Relational process We can both understand her physical and personal state from the story. Everybody seems to be cheerful to her and acts like she is the one and only. This lady is the most active role of the story. We even can say the story is based on her. There are some sentences used to describe her image. a. She was young, brilliant, extremely modern, exquisitely well dressed b. how charming her hands were against the blue velvet. ii. Mental process Mentally Rosemary is the organiser of the story, everything starts with her and so they finish with her. Her words are the commands for the others. For example, if she wants, Miss Smith to come home and have a cup of tea with her, Miss Smith must obey. Her commands are indeclinable. Although she seems to be philanthropic. I  think she is not, for me she is so selfish. a. It would be thrilling taking the poor girl home b. And she heard herself saying afterwards to the amazement of her friends I simply took her home with me c. Well keep it for me. Will you? Ill but the shop man had already bowed as though keeping it for her was all any human being can ask. He would be willing, of course, to keep it for her forever. Miss Smith as participant i Relational process She is the blur character of the story. Although we couldnt find information about her, she is the second important role. She appears to be young, poor, shy and pretty. But for me her main appearance is her tiredness. Besides, her personal or physical states are not that clear as Rosemarys. .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 , .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 .postImageUrl , .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 , .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9:hover , .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9:visited , .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9:active { border:0!important; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9:active , .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9 .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uecbd1c5915c0793db5fd64d4371416c9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Twelfth Night: refer closely to the text and show the love and pain that Orsino, Olivia and viola experience Essaya. said the girl and there was pain in her voice b. Battered creature with enormous eyes, someone quite young ii Mental process There seems to be nothing abut her mental process. From the beginning till the end she just did what she is said to. a. Wont you take off your hat? very good madam and the crushed hat was taken off b. The girl stayed just as she had been put Philip as participant i Relational process We can just guess his personal and physical state. We can say that, he is a gentleman and he is a nice guy. And I think he is charming. a. will Miss Smith excuse us b. Philip smiled his charming smile ii. Mental process I think, he exist in the story to make the final boom. Everything changes after his appearance. And he did this by saying: a. She is so astonishingly pretty b. she is absolutely lovely c. I was bowled over 4. Lexis Rosemary represent the rich in this story, and Miss Smith is the poor one. Depending to this situation, the words used to describe them are totally different. We can see that the words describing Rosemary are stronger than the words used for Miss Smith. The words for Rosemary are: brilliant, extremely modern, exquisitely well-dressed, quite presentable and amusing; and I think one word gives the clue of how Miss Smith look like: creature not even a human. As we understand these two women can also be described as powerful and weak. Rosemary has the power because she has the money, and money always brings power. Miss smith is poor, so she is weak. This situation has nothing to do with their characters, if we switch the places of these two women, this time Miss Smith will be the powerful one. I mean money = power . When we think that this story is written by a woman, we can understand why Philip thought pretty about Miss Smith. A man will never mind the social status, they always look to a woman within a different point of view pretty,  or not pretty thats the question! and this is the only thing they can think about, except football and cars. 5. Textual and interpersonal functions Rosemary proves her power in every dialogue. In her relationships, she is always the number one. She happen to be a commander. The first dialogue happens with the shop man and he seems like, he can do everything for Rosemary. But for me, the most important dialogue in the story is between Rosemary and Miss Smith. When I read that dialogue, a picture from my mind appeared in my eyes. I asked to myself , if I also had this kind of a dialogue, and I remember those homeless children, trying to sell me handkerchief. Just like Miss Smith, they are trying to be respectful to me. After I realised that, although I didnt want, I treated them just like Rosemary did to Miss Smith. I think, when one feels superior, this is inescapable. There is also another dialogue we can see between Philip and Rosemary. In that conversation, although Philip seems to be the stronger one, he could not change Rosemarys mind. And I guess there is no one in the world can change this kind of a womans mind, except love. 6. Conclusion Before making my conclusion, I read the stuff I wrote, and I saw, mainly I mentioned; how poor is Miss Smith and how rich is Rosemary, and their appearance as two different women. And within the light of these, Im happy to write: In conclusion, I can say that although a human is always a human, the instincts are always stronger than humanity. As we can see, at the very beginning, Rosemary was trying to be helpful to Miss Smith, but when jealousy came to the scene, she gave 3 pounds and simply kicked Miss Smith. I think this is the rule of the world, both in the wild animal life and in modern human life

HR Management Organizational Culture Essay

HR Management Organizational Culture Essay HR Management: Organizational Culture Essay Organizational culture can be explained as the sum of beliefs, attitudes, traditions and behaviour of an organization. It is the summation of a company’s goals and the behavioural change of the organization in the process of achieving these goals. It therefore concentrates on human behaviour in organization, how the people interact in the organization and the organization itself (Alvesson, 2002). The arrangement of the organization is also important because it through the structure that issues such as efficiency and effectiveness of the company can be achieved. This is usually done by the process of harmonization and control of the entity. Organizational structure usually deals with issues such as the size, technological aspects, the pattern of activities, strategies, and the concentration of decision making power and also supporting features. It also tries to harmonize these differences for the overall best performance for an organization. People do not work alone but are in contact with other persons and the organization in several ways such as fellow employees, managers, policies and changes put in place by the organization. To make the overall success of an organization, it is necessary to make sure of successful implementation of the policies and harmonization of these factors to the policies and goals. Realistic decision formulation theory: This school of thought puts emphasis on problem identification, action plan formulation, alternative plan formulation and implementation and an overall mechanism for monitoring the progress of the so formulated plans. By going through the problem identification all the way to solution logically helps in proper implementation process of ideas which have been given a proper incubation period to contribute. Decisions made properly will consequently give yield to better results and improve the organization’s performance. According to Plantinga (1993b, 144-145), he put forward the criticism that the level of rationality usually differs from one person to another. Consequently, what appears rational in an organization in respect to another may be different to another. In addition, Plantiga also added that it is in the nature of people to comply with the decisions and rules set within an organization but this does not necessary warrant that they agree with the decisions in regard to the firm. The company can apply the Maslow’s ladder of requirements that was formulated by Abraham Maslow to appeal to the staff, the management needs to concentrate more on what the employees in the firm need. If the management needs the staff to participate in certain activities and behaviour then it should correctly identify and appease the needs of the staff (Maslow, 1954, p. 47). The management needs to identify the needs in a hierarchical order and will need to satisfy the lower hierarchy needs before it proceeds to the next level. Therefore, one cannot achieve self actualization until the lower hierarchical needs are met (McClelland, 1962). By attending to needs such as time to socialise with co-workers and secure work environment only once they have been achieved can the staff achieve better self esteem and hence better staff motivation. Mismatched motivation efforts and hierarchy need then these results to unsatisfied needs and consequently poorly motivated staff. The areas of criticism for this theory may be attributed to the fact that it does not put into consideration the part organizational cultures plays in the success and activity of the firm. The theory also ignores the fact that people who are deprived may still strive to attain self actualization. This is because self actualization is innate in people and this does not necessarily mean that just because one is deprived they cannot attain self realization (Kane-Urrabazo, 2006). How Maslow attained those five categories is also another area that has raised disagreement. The accuracy of the needs and also order of those needs do not include an in depth study of the needs and order from a scientific point of view. There has been no evidence to point of the direction of a study being done by Maslow (Behling Schriesheim, 2001). Another point that is pointed out was the measurements needs. To quantify things such as love, security among other needs is nearly impossible to achieve. In addition, there may be some needs that also overlap like when he states that physical needs and safety needs. These two will have a point of intersection and this can be difficult to tear apart (Kane-Urrabazo, 2006). The personality theory urges that so as to improve group performance, the managers should choose only the staffs that possess the right skills and trait geared more too self achievement. The effort made by a person to ensure that the task at hand is accomplished can be used a san measure of how much they are motivated towards success. Staff with a strong achievement orientation work hard to achieve socially accepted success and activities. Therefore, finished assignment, solved work problems usually means better performance of the organization and a successful one for that matter (Behling, Schriesheim, 2001). The five factor model (openness, extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness) (Rita, Richard, Edward, Smith, Bem Susan, 2000) determines the level of performance across most jobs. It is exemplary good at gauging the level of success experienced at any given company. Staff with higher achievement levels set high individual goals and also put in effort and time so as to achieve them. Individuals with such characteristics are on wonder the one getting promotions in the work place. With a staff with such qualities essentially means a greater successful organization that once goals are set, the employees do not settle until they have been achieved. The leaders can only manage to get such group of people right from the hiring process such as getting people with high score. With such, it is expected that an aggressive bosses will set aggressive goals with their staff and the staff will work hard to achieve them. It should not come as a surprise when you find the same staff going back to class or learning other trades related to the organization (Chavan, 2009). One critic of the hypothesis is that personality conversion in individuals is inevitable. The characters that one meets and interacts with in that course of life modify the personality of a person. In addition, it can be very hard to be certain that those same characteristics in the staff are likely to remain the same after a year (Behling Schriesheim, 2001). In addition, the measurements of these five traits do not necessary give a forecast of the individual behaviour. A person may exhibit the personality of being an extrovert but the reality is that the person is an introvert. This will in turn affect the communication transmission within the organization (Ybema, 2011). On the other hand, the personality of a person is affected by the situation one finds them in. During an interview, a potential employee may exhibit those personalities but upon arrival in the work place, the person is different from the expected (Ybema, 2011). Goal setting theory is perhaps the easiest and common theory of improving staff motivation and improving the company’s performance. The leaders should set clearly the performance goals and objectives and device a systematic way into achieving them. Targets and goals demand attention, effort, development of achievement strategies and exert people’s efforts to achieve them. When the goals set have been attained greater and more difficult tasks are even set (Latham, 1979). A study done by Locke and Latham (2006) showed that specific and difficult goals got higher performance and effort compared to those of do the best you can goals. Devotion to the goals and purposes of the firm was also very important. This is directly proportional to the goals individuals help set so long as the leader had authority, set clear performance levels and had confidence in the staff. Giving a summary on the success and failure of the tasks is also essential. Goals can be set for any activity in an organization such as cost reduction, better service and product quality among others (Locke and Latham, 2006) However, care should be observed to avoiding setting goals that are contradictory because staff can only concentrate only such effort at a time. Goals achieved successfully give the staff a sense of satisfaction and the easier the goals are the easier they are to accomplish compared to more tough goals. A the same time extremely easy goals which require less effort lowers performance compared to more tough jobs (Alderfer, 1972). The manager’s goal accomplishment expectation affects the level of performance by the staff and company in general. Therefore to improve an individual and consequently the organization performance, the management should set high but attainable goals and also show confidence and give support to the staff about the job being done (Doyle, 2001). Criticism of this theory have been that , one, the theory has been over praised as being effective across all jobs in an organization but in reality some organizations do not agree with this. This is because there are some departments that goal setting might not be the best way of getting jobs done (Day, Sin, Chen, 2004). The theory focuses very much on the specific task. By doing this, the staff might spend too much time in trying to get these tasks done but ignoring other aspects of the organization hence negative consequences (Coulehan, 2004). It is the inborn trait of individuals to only concentrate at one job at a time. However, since this theory advocates for multiple, small goals, the staff will still only achieve a goal at a time even if those two goals need to be achieved simultaneously to impact the organization performance (Doyle, 2001). In addition, the time horizon of jobs does overshadow one another. Taking that organizations fix attention on short term jobs, the long term goals will be affected. This was not put in mind in advancing this theory (Latham, 1979). It has not yet been determined if there is a linear agreement between the level of toughness of goals and job performance. There are times when jobs that are tough may lead to unwanted results in the organization. If the employees fail to reach the set targets, it might lead to unwanted effects on them in that they may develop poor self esteem among others (Latham, 1979). Generation of counterpoise scorecards is another theory. Financial performance is not the only way to assess the performance of organizations. By concentrating only on one such indicator will affect the other indicators and will suffer in the long run. It can take a short time to indicate the financial performance of an organization but other key organization indicator performance are little mentioned. They include satisfaction of the customer, turnover of employees among others. According to Norton and Kaplan, setting goals for all of such indicators will results to improved operational and financial performance (Coulehan, 2004). This theory has been critiqued in that it lowers the certainty levels in an ever changing environment. There have been investigations carried out and they do affect the manager’s decisions in regard to budgeting plans. Consequently, strategic planning of operational activities is affected in the long run (Doyle, 2001). Conclusion Therefore, strong organizational culture has a positive correlation with the productivity of the organization, the staff, environment of the workplace and even staff motivation. This can be achieved by a strong incentive programs, fairness in policies and also good leadership. A motivated employee works more and harder, gives better results and also maintains a good attitude than a person who is not motivated. To understand the organizational culture in favour of staff motivation and hence overall improvement in the organization performance, the management requires having an in-depth understanding of the goals, needs and expectation of the staff and also the organization. Policy fairness is very important in creating a safe work place and also a great factor that contributes to motivation and hence improved company performance. Therefore, the way the structure of the organization is determines a lot how the culture will be. Feel free to enjoy professional Management essay help from academic experts at if you need a high-quality custom written paper. We guarantee non-plagiarized papers!

ECON 2337 - Money, Finance, and the Modern Consumer Essay

ECON 2337 - Money, Finance, and the Modern Consumer - Essay Example at can only be satisfied through products and service of consumers are safety needs, physiological and biological needs, and esteem needs (Schor, 13). On the other hand, the needs that can only be satisfied though the products and services of non-consumers are love needs and belongingness, and self-actualization Conspicuous consumption is a type of consumption where consumers buy expensive commodities to display income and wealth rather than covering their real needs. Such consumers use such behaviors in maintaining or gaining a higher social status. In modern America, there is emerging conspicuous compassion, where Americans have publicly donated great amounts of money to charity organization so that their social prestige can rise. In the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, conspicuous consumption fits in the esteem need status where it is characterized by status, reputation, responsibility, and achievement. What people acquire and later own is bound to the personal identity. Most people compare their possessions and lifestyle to a selected group that they most respect and like. This is what we call the competitive acquisition. Due to the evolution of 20th century, the focus groups are not their neighbors but rather those people that earn 3 to 5 times their income. This phenomenon has led to the national culture of new consumerism (Schor, 63). The new family groups entail the television families, models, and celebrities. In new consumerism, it is now built on the standard’s relentless ratcheting. The society has now grown on what they need. Today, there is a downshifting trend where the people dropping from the society, living ideologically and communally motivated. They now exist in the midst of American mainstream. However, those people swim against the current progress of the economy. The principles behind the shift include the control desire, voluntary restraints, and commerc ializing the rituals. The social media has had a hand in the competitive acquisition.

Motivation Paper Self assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Motivation Paper Self assessment - Essay Example This is correlated to the varying scores that individuals attain in self assessment tests. In this case, it is justified to argue that, the variances in the self assessment tests attribute to the fact that, individuals are different in terms of motivation levels. From the online test, I attained a high score in the dominant needs; average score on the secondary needs, and for the minor needs, the score was lowest. This notion is an interpretation of the fact that, I possess a philosophical mind, my being motivated would only emanate from within, as I am constantly out to foresee what might come out as a result of reactions of peoples’ deeds, especially resultant actions. In the case of an organization, the manager may need to assess my personal ability in an attempt to ensure that I fit in the organization. Since my strength emanates from within, the aspects of self actualization in the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs would be beneficial. This aspect allows individuals have a fertile ground where they would achieve their goals and objectives despite the occurrences in the environment. From the test, a person of ability to think through the minds of others is only fair that the other aspects of the hierarchy of needs are satisfied so as they can self actualize. On another angle, theory Y can be applied in my case. This aspect conforms to the fact that, individuals are free to work on their own accord, with minimal supervision. The test attests to my ability to read the minds of persons as well as grasp concepts in an easier manner. I have also been indicated to work easily in the company of others and have emotional intelligence that allows me understand what individuals may result to in various circumstances. In this case, the manager needs not bother instilling the feelings that I need to work, since my motivation levels emanate from within. In an attempt to motivate me, the manager may consider incorporating me in the

Is the Chinese Renminbi Undervalued Essay Example for Free

Is the Chinese Renminbi Undervalued Essay Since July 2005, first time being revalued after 11 years of fixing at 8.27, Chinese Yuan has been heading towards only one direction – all the way from 8.27 to 6.27. Although Yuan is a highly regulated currency by government, Chinese officials could no longer peg the Yuan as it used to be in a closed economy because WTO had opened up doors for Chinese manufacturers in 2001 to export cheap goods and services to developed countries. With trillions of foreign capital flooding into the country, Yuan has appreciated over 30% over seven years. However, this one-way money flow cannot be sustained. Though it is not sure whether Yuan is at the absolute equilibrium, it is currently neither significantly undervalued nor overvalued. This essay is going to explain why Yuan is modestly priced with analysis in both the fundamentals and money flows. Needs for appreciation in past In theory, two open economies should have equivalent purchasing power – that is, if 10 units of foreign currency can buy something that is valued at 1 unit of domestic currency, the implied equilibrium exchange rate should also be 10(domestic as based money). Otherwise, there is an arbitrage opportunity. We call this Purchase Power Parity. In reality, despite some limitations about this theory, it explains most of the valuation problem in China. Take a look at China’s Balance of Payments over 2003-2010 and it is obvious to observe huge surplus annually in both current and capital financial account, accumulating to a foreign reserve of $3.3 trillion. Reach equilibrium? At the government level, on one hand, it had to increase money base to maintain exchange rate against USD at a gradual appreciation pace. On the other hand, it needs to hold huge foreign assets, primarily in USD, to back up its currency from deprecation in the event of capital outflows. Amid the money inflow, Chinese central bank faced mounting pressure of inflation on local assets. The private sectors are impacted in two ways. Firstly, Chinese residents and companies feel much richer now because higher RMB increases their purchase power of foreign assets. This means more imports and capital account outflows. Secondly, inflation and appreciation means that Chinese products and services are more expensive. And this would lead to less exports. Pew Survey showed that 70% of Chinese people feel financially better off than five years ago, which among the best in the world. In the last a few years, the fact of continues Yuan appreciation, associated with stories about how China is cash rich and how Chinese investors are buying everything they can in the world, raises interesting discussion if Yuan had appreciated enough. There is also a trend that more goods are manufactured in new WTO members such as Nepal and Vietnam that have price advantage over China. Moreover, in the currency forward market, investors have priced in modest depreciation for Yuan in the next 12 months and spot market is no longer moving towards one direction. Data shows†¦ All those various observations reveal the same process that drives RMB exchange rate to an equilibrium level. Recent data also suggests that at current FX level, the rise in trade surplus and capital finance account surplus slowed (see chart below). So does foreign reserve. What does it means? If we apply a popular formula: Capital out flow = Foreign Reserve – FDI – Trade surplus Numbers imply that 62.4 – 128.5 – 145.8 = 211.9 billions has flown out of China in the first three quarters of 2012. Although this estimation still lacks of actual evidence, the scale of growth slowing down in foreign reserve in 2012 is worth attention since it is so large that it is hard to be justified by seasonal adjustment or calculation period discrepancy. This might signal the start of reverse capital flows of Yuan, which means Yuan is no longer undervalued. Ultimately†¦ The answer to Yuan’s valuation problem is complex especially given that it is still mostly controlled by government and there are so many dynamic factors to consider. So far there are some money flows and data support the conclusion that Yuan is no longer significantly undervalued. In the long run, as expectation of Chinese government to allow a fully conversion Yuan is built on, maybe the real answer can only be found out by then.

Vertebrate Adaptions for Terrestrial Life Essay -- AP-Biology Biology

Vertebrate Adaptions For Terrestrial Life AP-Biology Essay on vertebrate structural adaptations for terrestrial life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The problems of survival of animals on land are very different from those of survival of animals in aquatic environment. Describe four problems associated with animal survival in terrestrial environments but not in aquatic environments. For each problem, explain a physiological of structural solution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Four problems faced by animals on land are breathing (respiration), water conservation in excretions, successful reproduction, and the producing an egg which can survive outside of the water.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All animals need to respire, but I have no idea why. Maybe you would like to answer that? Aquatic animals use gills, which are outgrowths from the body which increase surface area over which gas exchange can occur. Inside the gills of aquatic animals, the circulatory system removes oxygen, and delivers waste carbon dioxide. Land vertebrates have developed a different approach to the problem of gas exchange, as water is not present in all of the terrestrial environment. Terrestrial vertebrates have developed lungs to solve this problem. Air enters through the nasal passages, or the mouth, passes through the trachea, then branches off at the two bronchi, and goes through many branching passages called bronchioles, which end in alveoli. Alveoli are sack-like structures where the circulatory system meets the respiratory system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  S...

High School and Everyday Pressures Essay

The topic sentence of the paragraph Is, a trip to the ocean can be a relaxing escape from everyday pressures of life. b. What sentence is unrelated to the topic and can be eliminated? The sentence that is unrelated to the topic is, you should always be careful to avoid overexposure to the sun at the beach. 2. List four things to look for when you’re proofreading. Four things you should look for while proofreading are, grammar, spelling, correct punctuation, and proper capitalization. 3. Complete the following two steps: a. Define the term cliche. The term cliche is a word, phrase, or idea that is over used. b. Write one sentence that contains a cliche. The mother said to the daughter angrily, â€Å"you’ll never get through school unless you get your act together. † Get your act together is the cliche. 4. Name and explain two types of prewriting. Brainstorming, make a list of every idea that comes to mind. Free writing, you fill a piece of paper with any idea that comes to mind about your topic. 5. Choose one of the topics listed below and write a five-sentence paragraph using chronological order To arrange the details of the paragraph. . Signing on to my homepage is simple. Signing on to my home page is simple. First, what I do when I turn on my computer, is click on the internet. Second, I go to the favorites tab and click High School Courses. This automatically pulls up the homepage. Then I go to the top left and click student login. Last, I type in my information and get to work. 6. Choose one of the followin g topics. Write an eight-sentence paragraph that fully develops the topic. d. A high school diploma is important to my future. I feel you can’t be successful in life without some form of education. For example, over the summer I attended a volunteer program at a Homeless shelter. My experience was not bad at all. In fact the people there were really nice. Every person I talked to had either dropped out of high school or did not apply themselves. Discussing with the people at the shelter made me realize my life wasn’t so bad and how having a education is a must in today’s society. After that experience I decided that I needed to get my high school diploma so I do not have to struggle for the rest of my life. By writing this essay I have finally accomplished my goal.

Strategy Review - 2493 Words

STRATEGY REVIEW, EVALUATION, AND CONTROL OUTLINE | |The Nature of Strategy Evaluation | | |A Strategy-Evaluation Framework | | |Published Sources of Strategy-Evaluation Information | | |Characteristics of an Effective Evaluation System | | |Contingency Planning | | |Auditing†¦show more content†¦advantage 7. These trends make strategy evaluation difficult: a. dramatic increase in environmental complexity b. difficult in predicting future c. increasing number of variables d. rapid rate of obsolescence e. increase in the number of world events affecting organization f. decreasing time spans for planning VTN (Visit the Net): www.csuchico.edu/mgmt/strategy/module1/sld046.htm describes the how and why of strategy evaluation. VTN (Visit the Net): www.csuchico.edu/mgmt/strategy/module1/sld047.htm elaborates on â€Å"taking corrective actions.† B. The Process of Evaluating Strategies 1. Strategy evaluation is necessary for all sizes and kinds of organizations. a. Strategy evaluation should initiate managerial questioning of expectations and assumptions, trigger a review of objectives and values, and stimulate creativity in generating alternatives and formulating criteria of evaluation. 2. Evaluating strategies on a continuous rather than a periodic basis allows benchmarks of progress to be established and more effectively monitored. 3. Managers and employees of the firm should continually be aware of progress being made toward achieving the firm’s objectives. As critical success factors change, organizational members should be involved in determining appropriate corrective actions. VTN (Visit the Net):Show MoreRelatedStrategy Review, Evaluation, and Control1937 Words   |  8 PagesThe best formulated and implemented strategies become obsolete as a firm’s external and internal environments change. It is essential, therefore, that strategists systematically review, evaluate, and control the execution of strategies. Chapter 9 presents a framework that can guide managers’ efforts to evaluate strategic-management activities, to make sure they are working, and to make timely changes. Computer information systems being used to evaluate strategies are discussed. Guidelines are presentedRead MoreEssay about Review on Strategy as Revolution1357 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction After reading what precisely the article expounds and analyses, revolution stays as the core of strategy. The article Strategy as Revolution clarifies the role revolution plays in the markets and declared ten principles to help a company discover revolutionary strategies and put into practice. All the third kinds of companies mentioned in the article have opportunities to reach what they want, however, the different roles determine the market hierarchy. In a growing numberRead MoreReview on Blue Ocean Strategy Essays1597 Words   |  7 PagesReview on Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) BOS is a kind of strategy which be inspires to innovate and focus on develops new demand and new markets through selling products e.g: Ipod, Ipad instead of fighting with the competition over the same market share as well as satisfying the same demand from the customers which is typically done in a red ocean strategy (ROS). In other word, BOS represent untapped market space and the opportunity to gain high profit for the companies. They urge companies to enhanceRead MoreBlue Ocean Strategy A Literature Review5808 Words   |  24 Pages Blue Ocean Strategy-A Literature Review Adesola Rotimi - 1208465291 Rushik Dave - 1207736604 Siddharth Joshi – 1000948757 IEE 552-Strategic Technologic Planning Dr. Dan Shunk August 11, 2015 â€Æ' Abstract: This literature review aims to provide an in-depth study of the term â€Å"Blue Ocean† and its strategy. Its purpose is to identify existing literature on the subject topic and gain a complete understanding of the topic. This literature review concentrates on journal articles, bookRead MoreHuman Resource Strategy : A Review992 Words   |  4 Pages Human Resource Strategy: A Review of the Literature Alyise Johnson University of Maryland University College April 27, 2015 Introduction Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) can be defined as the linking of human resources with strategic goals and objectives in order to improve business performance and develop organizational culture that fosters innovation, flexibility and competitive advantages. It is an approach to the development and implementationRead MoreReview of It Strategy at World Bank1673 Words   |  7 PagesReview of IT Strategy at World Bank The World Bank is a multi-national organization that operates in over 180 countries. Barriers such as connectivity, cultural differences, time zones, knowledge levels, and resources available exist for World Bank because they have clients in so many different locations around the world. World Bank has a hierarchal structure with a centralized headquarters in Washington, D.C and several more independent branches. Due to the operations limited by independentRead MoreA Review of ‘Strategy as Stretch and Leverage2235 Words   |  9 PagesA Review of ‘Strategy as Stretch and Leverage’ – By Gary Hamel and C.K. Prahalad URN: 6029471 Word Count: 1647 A Review of ‘Strategy as Stretch and Leverage’ – By Gary Hamel and C.K. Prahalad This review will focus on the article ‘Strategy as Stretch and Leverage’ by Gary Hamel and C.K. Prahalad (1993). This review will identify the arguments made in the article and then place it within the context of one of the key debates in strategy academia. The review will then investigate the underlyingRead MoreLiterature Review on What Is Strategy1840 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: Strategy and management is one of the prominent and most discussed topic in the organization and business studies. Organizations today are challenged by many factors both internal and external and need to effectively address such, which makes only possible by the organization effective leader and their strategic view to overcome and take their company into profitable, competitive, innovative and change. Further, the shift of organization from being local onto global and so the factorsRead MoreStrategy Book Reviews and Five Product Strategy Plans1000 Words   |  4 Pages Strategy Book Reviews and Five Product Strategy Plans The goal of this paper is to provide key insights and concepts from three strategy books and then begin the strategy planning process for five different products. The three books shy away from advocating old school Porter’s concepts and instead recommend strategic innovation since modern market environments are dynamic. Book 1: Thinkers 50 Strategy Crainer and Dearlove (2014) discuss the evolution of strategy concepts from early militaryRead MoreNike Marketing Strategy Review1044 Words   |  5 Pagesmodels using online customization software. The software led consumers through a step- by-step process: customers could choose the size and width of the shoes, pick the color scheme, and affix their own 8-character personal ID to the product. Early reviews of the NIKEiD project were full of criticism of the limited selection and availability, so less than a year after its debut, Nike added additional shoe models and more customization options while increasing site capacity. Though the company had

Empowerment of Women in Sylvia Plaths Lady Lazarus and...

Empowerment of Women in Sylvia Plaths Lady Lazarus and Eavan Bolands Anorexic Although the title foreshadows an extrinsic approach, this essay mostly features intrinsic analysis. Eavan Bolands Anorexic seems descendent from Sylvia Plaths Lady Lazarus: the two share common elements, yet have significant differences. An examination of the poems themes reveals that self-destructiveness can serve as empowerment for women. Plath explores Lady Lazarus nontraditional view of suicide in her poem; (since Plath does not give the speaker of the poem a name, I will refer to her as Lady Lazarus). Lady Lazarus reveals her first suicide was accidental, but she reveals that her two subsequent deaths have been deliberate. This is†¦show more content†¦In renaming her starvation arson, she both echoes Plath and familiarizes the reader with the severity of her intent: her self-opinion is elusive, but clearly she despises her body: Now the bitch is burning.//She has learned her lesson (15, 18). Likely a nod to Plath, Boland mostly uses three-lined stanzas; her conciseness can be considered symbolic of the reductiveness of anorexia, and the womans desire to physically reduce herself. In identifying herself, the woman declares I am starved and curveless./I am skin and bone (16-17). This minimalist perception of herself is nostalgic of Lady Lazarus remaining as only ashes, wedding ring, etc: both of these woman are temporally proximal to self-inflicted death. Finally, Boland includes a religious reference, like Plath, only less overtly: the rib to which the woman compares herself and the fall suggests Adam and Eve. Lady Lazarus declares she has nine lives, and that she will kill herself every ten years, asserting control of her fate and existence; To annihilate each decade (24) is to ensure her the freedom from her past to define her future self, to paraphrase Sartre. Plaths Nazi allusion is not well defined by the text, thus, this could be a subtle criticism of Adolf Hitlers manifestation of anti-nihilism, (his

Important Character or Idea - 1061 Words

Describe an important relationship in the text(s). Explain why this relationship helped you understand a character OR idea in the text(s) Story1: Her First Ball The important relationship between: Leila and The Fat Man. The idea this relationship helped me understand the text is: Society places expectations on teenagers that are difficult to live up to- teenagers are expected to behave like adults when they are emotionally not ready for the realities of adulthood Because: while Leila is at the ball for the first time, she gets acquainted with a scruffy fat man. The fat man tells Leila the harsh realities of being an adult. In which this makes Leila feel home sick and wishing she wasn’t an adult. Goal: To give enough explanation†¦show more content†¦Laura from The Garden Party is thoughtful of other people. She has also questioned about class society and how it has shaped her life. As Laura is uncomfortable as she is seeing the dead man and says sympathetically â€Å"Forgive my hat† as she is self conscious about her hat and the rest of her outfit. But suddenly realises that seeing the dead man was rather peaceful. Laura ignores what society says and looks on the other side of life. A reason why Laura’s relationship with the fat man is important is because she felt sympathy for him and his family. â€Å"How her frock shone! And the big hat with the velvet streamer- if only there was another hat!† she thins as she realises she is in an inappropriate dress. Compared to the â€Å"women in shawls and tweed caps who hurried by,† is if she was a know all duchess. Laura herself feels the journey towards emotional maturity and found tranquillity seeing the fat man and his family. It has made her more mature like a woman more than her mother. Another reason why Laura’s relation with the fat man helps the reader understand the text is that she begins to accept the criticism the way people of class distinction to rule their lives, as she is from an upper class family unlike the dead mans. â€Å"No,† she sobbed. â€Å"It was simply marvellous,† as she told Laurie the experience of seeing the lower class people and how they’re no different to us. We understand thatShow MoreRelatedAlmost Home by Joan Bauer Essay687 Words   |  3 PagesSoapstone - Characters: The main character is developed by what type of book the author is writing. My main character Sugar Mae Cole was developed because of the way she acts toward different characters in the book. And by her personality and sugars personality is sweet kinda like her name and she is polite. She is always trying to brighten the other characters up especially her mom Reba. She has a different personality that any of the other characters and connects with them in a differentRead MoreThe Kite Runner and Novel1201 Words   |  5 Pagesargument. Examine the concept of circularity in the novel. What important cycles exist in the characters lives and histories? How is circularity connected to redemption? Explore the way in which courage is portrayed in the novel. What constitutes true bravery? What are the key moments when characters are brave and who is the bravest character, if any? Use specific examples from the text to support your argument. Each character in the novel is shaped not only by his particular circumstances, butRead MoreThe Epic Of Epic : An Epic1126 Words   |  5 Pagesnames, titles, terms, etc. Complete sentences are not necessary. When appropriate, include examples. 4 points each. Epic: An epic is a form of narrative that revolves heavily around the idea of a hero becoming changed by his journey. They include long narratives by important characters, as well as create the idea that the events in the story actually happened or were a part of history. Epic heroes are considered as better than the average person and usually embark on a quest that changes them forRead MoreThemes Presented through the Characters in George Orwells Animal Farm786 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Orwell, in August 1945. It is a very important work of fictional political satire, and educates the reader about the history of a revolution that went horribly wrong, a savage attack on Stalin. Orwell reveals many themes throughout the novel and uses his characters to convey them. Orwell uses an effective combination of human traits with animal’s characteristics that provide the main charm of the characters of animal farm. They are distinct characters and are appropriate figures of politicalRead MoreOppression Of Women Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pagesaware of a female character’s presence. Key Ideas Lack of Information: In â€Å"Indian Camp†, Hemingway disregards the only female character’s name and identity, he also includes dialogue of other characters that insults and portrays women as irrelevant. The fact that he only includes one female character in the entire story and that it revolves around her, though she is not important, only adds to this. The men become the center of attention and more important elements because of this. Slander TowardsRead MoreThe Production Of The Theater848 Words   |  4 Pagesoff with the playwright, he is a very important aspect to the production. The playwright brings the idea of the play into fruition, without him or her there is no play to do. The playwright is often isolated in a single location, the love of writing and the passion of theater keep him glued to his typewriter and he must remember the credibility of his work, will the work make sense to the audience? Does it flow at an easy pace? His work is very important to him, he hopes his work will echo acrossRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Death Of A Salesman755 Words   |  4 Pagesbecomes severely confused. Many characters throughout the play, struggle with their identity and demonstrate the concept of the American dream, which is the idea that every person should have an equal opportunity to be successful. Miller uses different characters throughout the story to exemplify the central theme of the play, the Americ an Dream, and shows the readers how each character struggles with trying to pursue this dream. The first character who demonstrates the idea of the American Dream is WillyRead MoreMean Girls and Julius Caesar954 Words   |  4 Pagesamong them? In my opinion, Mean Girls is an adaptation of Julius Caesar and these are my reasons of me believing the following. I did see, just as I said before, a connection between Julius Caesar and Mean Girls. I think that the characters are similar. For example Cady would be like Brutus, because she was innocent at first, then she starts to change from pressure which she receives from Janice who symbolizes Cassius. After several talks with Janice, Cady started turning against ReginaRead MoreThe Main Types Of Point Of View878 Words   |  4 PagesThis perspective is told from the p.o.v. of the main character. (3rd Person) Limited:This p.o.v. is a way of telling the story in which only the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of a character. 2. What does the Latin root word aud mean? The Latin root word aud means to â€Å"hear†. 3. Why is dialogue important to a story? The dialogue is important to a story because it makes the plot move forward. It is also the best way for a character to speak for his/her self. 4. What should be includedRead MoreDonnie Darko Essay1643 Words   |  7 Pagesreoccurring themes and ideas. These ideas resurface to remind the viewers of the messages that are weaved within the script. These ideas that constantly resurface quietly and secretly help to shape the character’s within the movie. Without these existing ideas, the personalities of most the characters would completely change. Without these themes, Donnie Darko would not even be the same movie. That is why these themes and ideas play a huge role in developing the characters, the character’s roles

Branding in Fmcg Free Essays

Branding strategies in FMCG Chandranshu Charan 09ESHYD011 Branding strategies in FMCG Contents 2 Acknowledgement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Objective- †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Methodology †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Structural Analysis of FMCG Industry †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Branding in Fmcg or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5 Distinguishing features of Indian FMCG Business †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 1. Design and Manufacturing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 2. Marketing and Distribution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 3. Competition †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Application of functional knowledge †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Santoor: For a Younger Skin †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 Taj Mahal Tea†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Fair Lovely: Chand ka Tukda †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Center Shock: Hilake Rakh De †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 Brand Positioning strategies for competitive advantage †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 Interim findings and observation of the report †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 Brand Equity †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12 Brand loyalty †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 Awareness of the brand †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 14 Perceived quality †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 A set of associations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 Other proprietary brand assets †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 Appraising brand assets †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 Ingredients for Strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Financial †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 15 Innovation from the inside out – RD in the FMCG industry †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 15 Hul Strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 Interview with an Industry expert †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Limitation of Branding †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 17 Reference †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 18 Branding strategies in FMCG 3 Acknowledgement I owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped and supported me during the writing of this project. I express my deepest thanks to my Guide Dr. G Radha Krishna for guiding and correcting documents of mine with attention and care. He was always there to show me the right track when I needed his help. With the help of his valuable suggestions, guidance and encouragement, I am able to perform this project work. I would also like to thank my colleagues, who often helped and gave me support at critical junctures during the making to this project. Branding strategies in FMCG 4 A product is something that is made in a factory; a brand is something that is bought by a customer. A product can be copied by a competitor; a brand is unique. A product can be quickly outdated; a successful brand is timeless. Stephen King WPP Group, London Developing a brand strategy can be one of the most difficult steps in the marketing plan process. It’s often the element that causes most businesses the biggest challenge, but it’s a vital step in creating the company identity. Company‘s brand identity will be repeatedly communicated, in multiple ways with frequency and consistency throughout the life of a business. In Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), also known as Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG), Consumers generally put less thought into its purchase than any other products. Here top of mind recall playing a vital role while taking purchase decision. Effective branding strategy is indispensable tool in FMCG sector. Though FMCG is the oldest market, it has gone through a complete transformation. The FMCG market becomes the first indicator of a lifestyle of a society or of a nation. Products which have a quick turnover, and relatively low cost are known as Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG). FMCG products are those that get replaced within a year. Examples of FMCG generally include a wide range of frequently purchased consumer products such as toiletries, soap, cosmetics, tooth cleaning products, shaving products and detergents, as well as other non-durables such as glassware, bulbs, batteries, paper products, and plastic goods. FMCG may also include pharmaceuticals, consumer electronics, packaged food products, soft drinks, tissue paper, and chocolate bars. The shorter product life cycles and increasingly competitive environment have become a global trend in FMCG sector. On an average, FMCG Company introduces 70 to 80 new products per year. Profit in FMCG goods generally scales with the number of goods sold rather than the profit made per item. The classification generally includes a wide range of frequently purchased consumer products category including: toiletries, soaps, cosmetics, tooth paste, oils, Tea, shaving products, detergents, and other non-durables such as glassware, bulbs, batteries, paper products and plastic goods. In order to sustain a fast pace of new product introduction, it is important to have potential new ideas ready for development. Brand loyalty has become irrelevant where many homogenous products are flooded in the market. Informed customers are making rational purchasing decisions. This makes niche a conditional option for FMCG companies. Moreover all the major players like HLL, P G, Marico, Colgate-Palmolive and Britannia have tried to create a niche market within the mass market to grow profitably. Many FMCG companies time to time formulating marketing and branding strategy to gain brand equity. An effective Integrated Marketing Communication strategy helps in to achieve the required goal. Creating a strong brand identity, leveraging new product categories and growing the customer base are core concerns for consumer product companies. Firms are looking to maximize profits and market share in a highly competitive environment that includes such challenges and risks as demanding customers, consolidation and global expansion. Branding strategies in FMCG Objective- 5 ? To study branding strategies for consumer goods used by companies to attract consumers. ? To study different positioning strategies that may influence an individual‘s Behavior choices. ? To know the limitations of branding. Methodology Literature review. ? Evaluating Branding Strategies and Practices of different product category. ? Interaction with Industry Experts. Structural Analysis of FMCG Industry Typically, a consumer buys FMCG goods at least once a month. The sector covers a wide gamut of products such as detergents, toilet soaps, toothpaste, shampoos, creams, powders, food products, confectione ries, beverages, and cigarettes. Typical characteristics of FMCG products are: ? The products often cater to 3 very distinct but usually wanted for aspects – necessity, comfort, luxury. They meet the demands of the entire cross section of population. Price and income elasticity of demand varies across products and consumers. ? Individual items are of small value (small SKU’s) although all FMCG products put together account for a significant part of the consumer’s budget. ? The consumer spends little time on the purchase decision. He seldom ever looks at the technical specifications. Brand loyalties or recommendations of reliable retailer/ dealer drive purchase decisions. ? Limited inventory of these products (many of which are perishable) are kept by consumer and prefers to purchase them frequently, as and when required. Brand switching is often induced by heavy advertisement, recommendation of the retailer or word of mouth. Distinguishing features of Indian FMCG Business FMCG companies sell their products directly to consumers. Major features that distinguish this sector from the others include the following: – Branding strategies in FMCG 1. Design and Manufacturing 6 1. Low Capital Intensity – Most p roduct categories in FMCG require relatively minor investment in plan and machinery and other fixed assets. Also, the business has low working capital intensity as bulk of sales from manufacturing take place on a cash basis. . Technology – Basic technology for manufacturing is easily available. Also, technology for most products has been fairly stable. Modifications and improvements rarely change the basic process. 3. Third-party Manufacturing – Manufacturing of products by third party vendors is quite common. Benefits associated with third party manufacturing include (1) flexibility in production and inventory planning; (2) flexibility in controlling labor costs; and (3) logistics sometimes it‘s essential to get certain products manufactured near the market. 2. Marketing and Distribution Marketing function is sacrosanct in case of FMCG companies. Major features of the marketing function include the following: 1. High Initial Launch Cost – New products require a large front-ended investment in product development, market research, test marketing and launch. Creating awareness and develop franchise for a new brand requires enormous initial expenditure on launch advertisements, free samples and product promotions. Launch costs are as high as 50-100% of revenue in the first year. For established brands, advertisement expenditure varies from 5 – 12% depending on the categories. 2. Limited Mass Media Options – The challenge associated with the launch and/or brandbuilding initiatives is that few no mass media options. TV reaches 67% of urban consumers and 35% of rural consumers. Alternatives like wall paintings, theatres, video vehicles, special packaging and consumer promotions become an expensive but required activity associated with a successful FMCG. 3. Huge Distribution Network – India is home to six million retail outlets, including 2 million in 5,160 towns and four million in 627,000 villages. Super markets virtually do not exist in India. This makes logistics particularly for new players extremely difficult. It also makes new product launches difficult since retailers are reluctant to allocate resources and time to slow moving products. Critical factors for success are the ability to build, develop, and maintain a robust distribution network. 3. Competition 1. Significant Presence of Unorganized Sector – Factors that enable small, unorganized players with local presence to flourish include the following: 2. Basic technology for most products is fairly simple and easily available. 3. The small-scale sector in India enjoys exemption/ lower rates of excise duty, sales tax etc. This makes them more price competitive vis-a-vis the organized sector. 4. A highly scattered market and poor transport infrastructure limits the ability of MNCs and national players to reach out to remote rural areas and small towns. Branding strategies in FMCG 7 5. Low brand awareness enables local players to market their spurious look-alike brands. 6. Lower overheads due to limited geography, family management, focused product lines and minimal expenditure on marketing. A general assessment of this would lead to the conclusion that FMCG is not a Structurally Attractive Industry to Enter. Entry barriers are high due the nightmare logistics associated with distributing a FMCG and the limited mass media options available to build a brand. Likewise, the intensity of competition from branded and unbranded goods and the power of retailers make the FMCG a structurally unattractive industry in which to enter and difficult industry in which to remain a competitive player. Application of functional knowledge Soap Category Santoor: For a Younger Skin Brand: Santoor Company: Wipro Agency: FCB Ulka Santoor is south India‘s no1 soap brand. As per sales data it contributed close to Rs 850 crore in 2008-09 to the company‘s coffers and became the leading brand in South India in its category. The brand which focuses on rural India has been growing at 29% for the past three years, on a year-onyear basis. The brand was launched in 1985 as an ordinary soap with sandalwood and turmeric as its main ingredients. The brand was initially test marketed in Bangalore and encouraged by the positive response, the brand became national a year after. The brand was positioned as the beauty + skin care at a reasonable price and the brand derived strength from the efficacy of the ingredients. At that time the brands which had sandal as the main ingredient was Moti and Mysore Sandal Soap. The brand derived the name from combining Sandal + Turmeric and it is not from the musical instrument that it got the name Santoor. Although the brand became popular, the company was not satisfied with the results. The customers were not buying the ingredient story. The research suggested that customers are not correlating the brand with skin care and beauty. Branding strategies in FMCG 8 Thus started the brainstorming on getting the ? WOW † factor to build the brand. The wow factor came in the form of the new positioning ? For Younger Looking Skin†. The positioning comes from the consumer insight that ultimately the customers look for a younger skin which is another smart way of defining beauty. The focus on ? Younger Skin† also acts as a powerful differentiator because other brands were focusing on â€Å"beautiful skin† or â€Å"looking beautiful†. The next big idea came in the form of communicating the ? Younger Skin? concept using â€Å"Mistaken Identity? theme (source: MG Parameswaran’s Book). The brand has consistently developed this theme over these two decades of its existence. Santoor is a brand has consistently understood the consumers and was not complacent to change. The brand was the first one to use a Mother and her five year old daughter to endorse the brand. Most of the ads showed spinsters in their campaigns while for Santoor, the protagonist were Mothers. But showing Mother as the protagonist had its share of issues also. The customers felt that since this brand is meant for adults, it will not be soft on skin. This made the company to change the size texture and the shape of the product. Indian women’s mindsets were evolving and breaking free from the traditional mindset. The Mother-daughter equation and the campaigns set in the supermarkets, wedding and bangle shop did not do well with the achievement oriented customers. That was a message to the marketers that the product communication has to change. The achiever protagonist was introduced in 2004. The campaign showed the mother as a successful fashion designer with the same positioning and theme. The brand also extended itself to a range of beauty products and to talc. Now Santoor have face wash, talc, soap and fairness cream. Year 2006 saw a big change in the marketing strategy for Santoor. They move into celebrity endorsement. The campaigns showed Saif Ali Khan (in North) and Madhavan (south) in the TVCs. The TVC’s shows these celebrities along with the Mother and child in the theme. Using a celebrity without a change in the overall positioning will have a positive impact to the brand. The use of celebrity will make the ad sticky thus making the campaign more effective. The brand is facing tough competition from heavy weights and is now seeking support from outside to stay as a leading FMCG brand. Branding strategies in FMCG Tea Category 9 Taj Mahal Tea Brand:Taj Mahal Tea Company: HLL Taj Mahal tea has changed its Brand Face (brand ambassador). Recent TVCs show Saif Ali Khan endorsing the brand. Taj Mahal has been using the Tabla Maestro Ustad Zakir Hussain as its brand ambassador from 1990’s. Since Ustad Zakir was endorsing only this brand, the recall was high. Over the period of time, the brand ambassador became synonymous for the brand. Ustad and Taj Mahal were touted as the classic example of a successful celebrity endorsement. The collaboration with the brand and the ambassador went that far that Ustad once challenged in a TVC in 2001 that he will stop playing tabla if he come across a better tea. That TVC created lot of controversy. The new brand ambassador is Saif. The new face may be an attempt to make the brand more contemporary. Ustad and his fans are getting older. Hence there is a chance that the new generation may miss out on the charm of Ustad (generation gap). So the attempt may be to make the brand relevant to the new generation. In theory we site examples where the users of the brand getting older and the brand not able to connect with new generation. HLL does not want this to happen with a power brand like Taj Mahal. Cosmetic Category Fair Lovely: Chand ka Tukda Brand: Fair Lovely Company: HLL Agency: Lowe Fair Lovely (FAL) is the brand that revolutionized the Indian Skin care industry. This brand is World’s first and largest Fairness cream brand with a presence in 40 countries and a value of around Rs. 6 billion. Indian skin care market was dominated by conventional beauty care products like Bezan, Multani Mitti etc. FAL changed all that. Launched in 1975, FAL is the product born in the Unilever research center. In 1988 the brand went international. FAL commands a market share of over 70% in the Rs 1000 crore fairness market in India. FAL virtually created and owned this category for long. In the fairness market, FAL enjoyed monopoly till Cavin Kare entered this lucrative segment with Fairever. The success of Fairever prompted many players like Godrej to tap the market. Branding strategies in FMCG 10 FAL sustained the pressure from the competitor by careful branding and new product launches. The brand never failed to emulate and learn from the competitor . When Fairever launched the ayurvedic variant, FAL launched a much better variant. Competition is coming from Ozone Ayurvedics with their brand ? No Marks‘ tries to carve a niche. HLL countered with FAL Antimarks and launched a controversial comparative ad that took the steam out of ? No Marks‘. When Fairever launched the soap, FAL also responded with soap. FAL never allowed the competitors to gain an upper hand in the market which it created. FAL achieved such tremendous success because of careful branding and ad campaigns. Initially HLL do some ugly talking about fairness. Some of the ads were controversial because of gender inequality and stuff like that. It was necessary at that period because the category was new and the brand should first talk about the need to be fairer. Now the brand has laddered up to more aspirational values like â€Å"Transformation of Women† The insight is that the transformation will be more than skin deep. The ads showing a girl achieving the ambition of being a cricket commentator (a male bastion) were very much effective in connecting with the target group. HLL has also extended the brand to more aspirational values by launching Fair Lovely foundation that works for Women Empowerment achievement and Transformation which are the qualities for which FAL stands for. FAL have also launched a premium sub brand Perfect Radiance to tap the premium segment of the market. Fair Lovely was able to dominate the fairness market because of careful marketing and is a showcase of the marketing genius of HLL. Confectionary Category Center Shock: Hilake Rakh De Brand: Center Shock Company: Perfetti Vanmelle Agency: O M Center Shock is an interesting brands or rather it is a disruptive brand in the sense that the brand just makes all marketing theories look funny. Conventional marketing wisdom says that the product should deliver a promise and satisfy a need. Here is a confectionery brand that tasted sour making itself a market leader in less than 6 months time. Center Shock was launched in 2001 and at that time, the chewing gum market was at cross Branding strategies in FMCG 11 roads. The market lifecycle was at the decline stage. Although the market was worth Rs 300 crore, it was declining at a faster rate at 25-30%. Perfetti then decided to break the category degrowth and make this category more exciting to the customers. This peculiar gum gave a distinct fruit filled acidic taste to the customer which really gave the customer a shock. The brand was an extension of the highly popular Center Fresh known for its Fruit Gel Center. Center Shock came in two flavors: Peach and Apple. Center Shock broke into picture through two clutter breaking ads crafted by O. The first ad of the barber created a huge impact in the market. The ads won lot of accolades for O. According to reports, the brand became market leader within no time with a share of over 35% beating Center Fresh from the same company. The first TVC was followed by the second one featuring a dude visiting his girlfriend’s home to meet the parents. According to brand experts the creative brief for Center Shock was simple -break the clutter and make it funny and distinct and really shocking and the ads just did that. The brand adopted one of the funniest and best taglines ? Hilake Rakh De? which translates to ? Will shake you UP†. The brand was positioned as a fun brand and customers liked the change. The brand had virtually shaken the market. During those days most of the chewing gum brands were sold on sales promotions and seldom marketers invested any thing more on ads. Center Shock brought back the trust on advertising in the category players. To sustain a brand like Center Shock for longer period of time is a difficult proposition. Although this brand had a very short PLC, the brand showed the power of advertising. A good advertising can make people eat a sour candy and be happy about it. Brand Positioning strategies for competitive advantage In present scenario the consumer mind is cluttered with numerous brand names for various categories. So companies‘ strategy is to create a perception for their brand in the prospect‘s mind so that it stands apart from competing brands and approximates much more closely to what the consumer wants. One of the major contributions of positioning theory t marketing strategy is to bring out the concept of ? distance‘ and dissimilarity between brands in the ? perceptual space‘ of the prospect and to uncover the many opportunities for such perceived differentiation based upon the capabilities of the product and its antecedents. These differentiation strategies revolve around different aspects of the brand which can be expressed as four questions- Branding strategies in FMCG 12 1. Who am I? This question deals with the origins of the brand, its parentage. The brand can be position with reference to its corporate identity or as an extension of a well established brand. 2. What am I? This question relates to the capabilities of the brand and can be further broken up: (a) Category-Related Positioning (b) Benefit-Related Positioning (c) Positioning by Usage Occasion (d) Price-Quality Positioning 3. For whom am I? This is the strategy of positioning a brand for a carefully chosen target segment where it is the best fit and has competitive advantage. Any functionally similar products can be differentiated through positioning by different segments. Such positioning can be by demographic, behavioral, benefit seeking and psychographic segments. 4. Why me? All the above strategies should enable to create a distinct and persuasive perception of a brand. Aggressive marketing companies try to add to their brand a clinching advantage through some unique feature. Positioning by competitor, that is through compassion with the main competitors, is another way to demonstrate a brand‘s superiority and answer the question ? why me? ‘ Interim findings and observation of the report One such intangible asset is the equity represented by a brand name. For many businesses the brand name and what it represents is its most important asset-the basis of competitive advantage and of future earnings streams. The first step in identifying the value of brand equity is to understand what it is-what really contributes to the value of a brand. Subsequently look at several methods of placing a value upon a brand which will provide additional insight regarding the brand concept. And finally some issues facing those who create or manage brands will be introduced. Brand Equity It is a set of brand assets and liabilities linked to a brand, its name and symbol that add to or subtract from the value provided by a product or service to a firm or to that firm customers. If the brand‘s name or symbol should change, some or all of the assets or liabilities could be affected and lost, although some might be shifted to a new name and symbol. The assets and liabilities on which brand equity is based will differ from context to context. However, they can be usefully grouped into five categories: Branding strategies in FMCG 13 Perceived Quality Name Awareness Brand Association Brand Loyalty BRAND EQUITY Name Symbol Other Proprietary Brand Assets Provide value to customer by enhancing customers: Interpretation/Processing of information Confidence in the purchase decision Use Satisfaction Provide Value to firm by enhancing: Efficiency and effectiveness of marketing programs Brand loyalty Price/margins Brand extensions Trade leverage Competitive advantage Fig-Brand Equity (Source-D. A. Aaker) Brand loyalty-for any business it is expensive to gain new customer and relatively inexpensive to keep existing ones, especially when the existing customers are satisfied with or even like the brand. The loyalty of the customer base reduces the vulnerability to competitive action. Competitors may be discouraged from spending resources to attract satisfied customer. Further higher loyalty means grater trade leverage, since customer expect the brand to be always available. Branding strategies in FMCG 14 Awareness of the brand- people will always buy a familiar brand because they are comfortable with the familiar. A recognized brand will thus often be selected over an unknown brand. The awareness factor is particularly important in context in which the brand must first enter the consideration set-it must be one of the brands that are evaluated. Perceived quality-it will directly influence purchase decision and brand loyalty, especially when a buyer is not motivated or able to conduct a detailed analysis. It can also support a premium price which in turn can create gross margin that can be reinvested in brand equity. Further perceived quality cab be the basis for a brand extension. If a brand is well-regarded in one context, the assumption will be that it will have high quality in a related context. A set of associations- the underlying value of a brand name often is based upon specific associations linked to it. Association such as Ronald McDonald can create a positive attitude or feeling that can become linked to a brand such as McDonald‘s. If a brand is well positioned upon a key attribute in the product class competitors will find it hard to attack. Other proprietary brand assets- brand assets will be most valuable if they inhibit or prevent competitors from eroding a customer base and loyalty. These assets can be several forms. E. g. a trademark will protect brand equity from competitors who might want to confuse customers by using a similar name, symbol and package. Appraising brand assets Brand loyalty-what are the brand loyalty levels by segment? Are customers satisfied? What do exit interviews suggest? What are customer feedback regarding their problems with buying or using the brand? Awareness- what brand awareness level exists as compared to that of competitors? What could be done to improve brand awareness? Perceived quality- what drives perceived quality? What is important to the customer? What signals quality? Are prices and margins are eroding? Brand associations- what mental image, if any, does the brand stimulate? Is there a slogan or symbol that is a differentiating asset? How are the brand and its competitors positioned? What does the brand mean? What are its strongest associations? Other brand assets-is there a patent or trademark that is important? Are there channel relationships that provide barriers to competitors? Branding strategies in FMCG Ingredients for Strategy 15 Creating a strong brand identity, leveraging new product categories and growing the customer base are core concerns for consumer product companies. Firms are looking to maximize profits and market share in a highly competitive environment that includes such challenges and risks as demanding customers, consolidation and global expansion. The components of strategy would be- Financial Adi Godrej, Chairman Godrej Group stated, ? We are aiming to triple our turnover by 2012 by focusing on our fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) business — Godrej Consumer Products (GCPL), Godrej Sara Lee and Godrej Hersheys. At present the consumer goods turnover is Rs 2,300 crore and the group aims to reach revenues of Rs 8,000 crore for this business in the next four years. We will also look at inorganic growth as a medium to grow.? In the process, the group would be investing Rs 100 crore per year on brand communications. So for any successful branding strategy Finance played a vital role. The brand salience requires advertisement in different media vehicle. Innovation from the inside out – RD in the FMCG industry RD plays a key role in helping FMCG manufacturers meet constantly changing consumer needs whilst driving down costs. The Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry is highly competitive and driven by consumer preference. Research and development (RD) and innovation, therefore, play a key role in helping manufacturers meet constantly changing consumer needs, whilst driving down costs. Hul Strategy We shall now take up one company, HUL (Hindustan Unilever Ltd) formerly HLL and see how the complex task of brand management is actually handled. This company is taken for this article as HUL is considered as one of the most successful in Brand Management . HLL has a large brand portfolio consisting of nearly 110 bands. In every product line, it has built a number of brands over a period of time. Quite a few brands have come to its fold from the parent company. It has also acquired several ongoing brands from the market. HLL also vigorously pursues brand extension strategy. And concurrently, HLL undertakes line pruning and brand restructuring and consolidation, based on marketing compulsions. HLL is also playing the rejuvenation and relaunch game. With great benefit the corporate-level endeavors at business expansion and diversification are also throwing new challenges on the brand strategy front. HLL lends itself for a proper understanding of the complexity of the brand management task. We shall examine how HLL handles the complex demands in brand management. Such an array of brands is the outcome of a conscious corporate strategy by HLL. As a corporate, HLL wants to be a leader in every one of its businesses and the strategy is to fight on the strength of the competitive advantage arising from the possession of strong brands. It is this strategy that is Branding strategies in FMCG 16 getting reflected in the development of a multitude of strong brands. If we take the business of bathing soaps, as an example, HLL has the objective of being a national player (not a niche or a regional marketer) and the leader therein. HLL also wants about 30 per cent of the corporate income to come from this line. So, HLL opted for the strategy of developing quite a few strong brands in this line, and among them they cover different market segments and price points. Dove, Lux, Liril, Rexona, Pears and Lifebuoy are the outcome of such a well planned brand strategy implemented over time. Interview with an Industry expert In order to gain industry insight regarding the FMCG best practices in branding strategy I got an opportunity to have a telephonic interview with Perfetti Van Melle (India) Ltd. Brand manager based in Delhi. (Due to some reason he does want to disclose his name. ) Q. What is your branding Strategy? A. We are currently managing 15 brands and for each brand we adopt differential branding strategy. But everything depends upon the distribution channel. So our strategies always focus to strengthen the distribution network. Q. What strategies you adopt to launch a new communication plan? A. It starts with Idea generation then financial investment. Under financial How to cite Branding in Fmcg, Papers